1 The issue of radioactive waste disposal. 1.1 The nature of
radioactive wastes. 1.2 The concept of geological disposal. 1.3
Evaluating repository safety. 1.3.1 Key uncertainties in safety
calculations. 1.3.2 Requirements for supporting natural data. 1.4
Natural analogue studies. 1.5 Other field-based studies of natural
systems. 1.5.1 Site characterisation. 1.5.2 Palaeohydrogeology.
1.5.3 Natural safety indicators. 1.5.4 Biosphere studies. 1.6 Toxic
waste disposal.
2 Radioactive waste types and repository designs 2.1 The nuclear
fuel cycle and radioactive wastes. 2.1.1 Used fuel and reprocessing
wastes. 2.1.2 Operational wastes. 2.1.3 Decommissioning wastes.
2.1.4 Other wastes. 2.2 Classification of radioactive wastes. 2.3
Repository designs. 2.3.1 Deep repository designs for HLW. 2.3.2
Deep repository designs for ILW. 2.3.3 Near-surface repository
designs for LLW. 2.4 Geological disposal environments.
3 Varieties of analogue studies 3.1 Chemical analogues. 3.2 Natural
geological and geochemical systems. 3.2.1 Uranium orebodies. 3.2.2
Geochemical discontinuities in clays. 3.2.3 Hyperalkaline
environments. 3.2.4 Hydrothermal systems. 3.2.5 Natural occurrences
of repository materials. 3.3 Archaeological analogues. 3.4 Sites of
anthropogenic contamination.
4 Analogues of repository materials. 4.1 Silicate glass. 4.2 Spent
fuel. 4.3 Mineral and ceramic wasteforms. 4.4 Metals. 4.5
Bentonite. 4.6 Concretes and cement. 4.7 Bitumen. 4.8 Organic
materials.
5 Analogues of transport and retardation. 5.1 Elemental solubility
and speciation. 5.2 Elemental retardation processes. 5.3 Matrix
diffusion. 5.4 Radiolysis. 5.5 Redox fronts. 5.6 Colloids. 5.7
Microbiological activity. 5.8 Gas generation and migration.
6 The application of analogue information. 6.1 Natural analogues in
the support of performance assessment. 6.1.1 The reality of
analogue application to performance assessment. 6.2 Natural
analogues in non-technical demonstrations of safety. 6.3 Natural
analogues applied to other environmental issues.
7 Summary, conclusions and recommendations. 7.1 Summary of analogue
results. 7.1.1 Analogues of repository materials. 7.1.2 Analogues
of transport and retardation. 7.2 Conclusions. 7.2.1 Suggested
areas for future analogue investigation. References Case histories:
The proposed Swedish and Finnish spent fuel repositories. The
proposed Swiss repository for vitrified HLW. The Swedish L/ILW
repository at Forsmark. The Oklo natural fission reactors. The
Cigar Lake uranium mine. The Peña Blanca uranium mine. The
Inchtuthil Roman nails. The Kronan cannon. The Dunarobba forest.
Hadrian's Wall. The Maqarin hyperalkaline system. The Broubster
uranium mineralisation. The Needle's Eye uranium mineralisation.
Poços de Caldas. The Alligator Rivers uranium orebody. The Palmottu
uranium orebody. El Berrocal. The Tono uranium orebody.
M. Gascoyne
...the book is a wealth of information on natural analogues and
related aspects of nuclear waste disposal (e.g. diffusion,
migration, sorption, corrosion).
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
D. Savage
...this is an excellent compilation of material, bringing to a
wider audience much information which might be lost in the 'grey
literature', whilst carefully sifting key kernels of knowledge for
the reader. ...this book will be a useful reference to the research
scientist, consultant, regulator or waste manager.
Waste Management
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