Table of Contents

PART I: BACKGROUND
1: Brian MacMahon: Accomplishments in Cancer Epidemiology
Reproduction
Alcohol
Iatrogenic Exposure
Diet
Conclusion
References
2: Pagona Lagiou, Johanna Adami and Dimitrios Trichopoulos: Burden of Cancer
Measures of Disease burden
Incidence
Age-standardization
Cumulative Incidence
Prevalence
Survival
Mortality
Years of Life Lost
Disability-adjusted Life Years
Cancer in the World
Cancer and other Causes of Death
Cancer Burden by Site
Cancer Burden by Cause
Trends in Mortality in the US
Geographic Variability by site
Overall Cancer Survival
Conclusion
References
3: Jeffrey Ecsedy and David Hunter: The Origin of Cancer
Defining Cancer
Cancer Progression
Metastasis
Cellular Origin of Cancer
Clinical Behavior of Cancer
A Molecular Approach to Understanding Cancer
Cancer Genes
Genetic Carcinogenesis
Exogenous Mutagenesis
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Silencing
The Cell Cycle and Checkpoints
Genomic Instability Disorders
The p53 and Retinoblastoma Pathways
Growth-Regulatory Signaling Pathways
Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis)
Unlimited Replicative Potential of Cancer
Extrinsic factors influence cancer progression
The Extracellular Matrix
Angiogenesis
Evasion of Immune-Mediated Eradication
Conclusion
References
4: Christopher Haiman and David Hunter: Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer
Cancer genes and Mechanisms of Gene Disruption
Genetic Variation
Mutations and Polymorphisms
Strategies of Gene Identification
Segregation Analysis
Linkage Analysis
Positional Cloning
Limitations of Segregation and Linkage Analysis
Alternative Methods
Allele-Sharing Methods
Approches to Identify Common, Low-Risk Disease Alleles
Linkage Disequilibrim and Tagging SNPs
Polymorphism Databases
Epidemiologic Studies
Case-Control Studies
Cohort Studies
Family-Based Association Studies
Case-Only Design
Gene-environment Interaction and Polygenic Models of Disease Risk
Genotyping Methods used in Epidemiologic Studies
Whole Genome Scans, Collaboration and Consortia
Conclusion
Glossary
References
5: Paolo Boffetta: Biomarkers in Cancer Epidemiology
and Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Exposure Biomarkers
Intermediate Biomarkers
Disease Biomarkers
Susceptibility Markes
Bias
Biomarker Variation
Translational Studies
Confounding
Interaction
Random Error
Publication Bias
Conclusions
References
6: Pagona Lagiou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos and Hans-Olov Adami: Concepts in Cancer Epidemiology and Etiology
Etiology
Causality
The Scientific Study
Epidemiology
Study Design
Descriptive Studies
Ecologic Studies
Analytic Studies
Person-time
Cohort studies
Case-control studies
Genetic epidemiology studies
The Role of Chancer
P-value
Confidence Intervals
The Role of Bias
Systematic Errors
Confounding
Bias
Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies
Effect Measures
Interaction
Meta-analysis
Causal Inference in Epidemiology
General Population
An IARC Classification
A Model for Causal Inference
Conclusion
Glossary
References
PART II: CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BY SITE-SPECIFIC CANCERS
7: Paul Brennan, Lorelei Mucci and Hans-Olov Adami: Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Mutations
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
8: Ellen Chang and Hans-Olov Adami: Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
High-Penetrance Gene Mutations
Low-Penetrance Gene Mutations
Somatic Mutations and Epigenetic Changes
Risk Factors
Tobacco and Other Smoke
Diet
Hormones and Hormone Receptors
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Epstein-Barr Virus
Other Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
9: Olof Nyrén and Hans-Olov Adami: Esophageal Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Geographic and Demographic Distribution
Secular Trends by Histologic Types
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco and Alcohol
Diet
Reproductive Factors and Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Occupation
Medical Conditions
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
10: Olof Nyrén and Hans-Olov Adami: Stomach Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Familial Occurrence
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Alcohol
Tea and coffee
Diet
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
11: John D. Potter and David Hunter: Colorectal Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Other Genes
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Post-menopausal Hormone Use
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
12: Sherri Stuver and Dimitrios Trichopoulos: Cancer of the Liver and Biliary Trac
Clinical Synopsis
CANCER OF THE LIVER
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inheredited Susceptivility
Somatic Events
Risk factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Infections
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and treatment
CANCER OF THE BILIARY TRACT
Descriptive Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Gallbladder disease
Obesity and diet
Hormonal factors
Mechanisms
Conclusion
References
13: Anders Ekbom and David Hunter: Pancreatic Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Antropometric Measures
Infections
Physical activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
14: Paolo Boffetta and Dimitrios Trichopoulos: Cancer of the Lung, Larynx, and Pleura
Clinical Synopsis
TUMORS OF THE LUNG
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Family history
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Antropometric Measures
Infections
Physical activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Cancer of the Larynx
Cancer of the Pleura
Conclusion
References
15: Adèle Green, Jolienke van der Pols and Dimitrios Trichopoulos: Skin Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Melanoma
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Antropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Trauma
Conclusion
References
16: Rulla Tamimi, Susan Hankinson, and David Hunter: Breast Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones and Hormone Receptors
Antropometric Measures
Physical activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Mammographic Density and Parenchymal Patterns
Electromagnetic Fields
Breast Cancer in Men
Conclusion
References
17: Nathalie Ylitalo, Sherri Stuver and Hans-Olov Adami: Cervical Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Sexual Behavior
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions
Conclusion
References
18: Immaculata DeVivo, Ingemar Persson and Hans-Olov Adami: Endometrial Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Hormone Metabolizing Genes
Estrogen Metabolism and Detoxification
Steroid Receptors
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Endogenous Estrogens
Exogenous Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Hypertension
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
19: Penelope Webb, Dorota Gertig and David Hunter: Ovarian Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Germline mutations
Gene polymorphisms
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
20: Lorelei Mucci, Lisa B. Signorello and Hans-Olov Adami: Prostate Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Incidence
Mortality
Migrant Studies
Age
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Perinatal Factors
Conclusion
Referencs
21: Lorenzo Richiardi, Rulla Tamimi and Hans-Olov Adami: Testicular Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors and Hormones
Semen quality and fertility
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
22: Montserrat Garcia Closas, Manolis Kogevinas and Dimitrios Trichopoulos: Urinary Bladder Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors and Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Nontransitional cell carcinomas
Conclusion
References
23: Euyoung Cho, Per Lindblad and Hans-Olov Adami: Kidney Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors and Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
24: David Savitz and Dimitrios Trichopoulos: Brain Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors and Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Risk Factors for Childhood Brain Tumors
Conclusion
References
25: Per Hall and Hans Olov-Adami: Thyroid Cancer
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Conclusion
References
26: Mads Melbye, Henrik Hjalgrim: Hodgkin's Lymphoma
and Hans-Olov Adami
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Incidence
Age and Socioeconomic Patterns
Subtypes
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Anthropometric Measures
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Sibship Size and Social Class
Conclusion
References
27: Mads Melbye, Karin: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
Ekström Smedby and Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Incidence
Time Trends
Subtype Trends
Unexplained Increase
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive Factors
Hormones
Anthropometric Measure
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
References
28: Eleni Petridou, Apostolos Pourtsidis and Dimitrios Trichopoulos: Leukemias
Clinical Synopsis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
Inherited Susceptibility
Somatic Events
Risk Factors
Tobacco
Diet
Alcohol
Reproductive and Perinatal Factors
Hormones
Anthropometric Measure
Infections
Physical Activity
Ionizing Radiation
Occupation
Medical Conditions and Treatment
Other Risk Factors
Conclusion
Reference
Epilogue
Index

Reviews

"This is an excellent book on cancer epidemiology...It provides a nice background section and reiterates the concepts important to study design. The chapters by cancer site are concise and well written to provide health professionals with the information they need for work in their own areas in cancer prevention. This second edition is a nice update, in particular on the advances in genetic and molecular epidemiology over the past five years."--Doody's