Table of Contents

1 Front Matter; 2 1 Learning from Speculation to Science; 3 2 How Experts Differ from Novices; 4 3 Learning and Transfer; 5 4 How Children Learn; 6 5 Mind and Brain; 7 6 The Design of Learning Environments; 8 7 Effective Teaching: Examples in History, Mathematics, and Science; 9 8 Teacher Learning; 10 9 Technology to Support Learning; 11 10 Conclusions and Recommendations for Research; 12 References; 13 Appendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff; 14 Index