Table of Contents

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION I Nature of Physical Science 2 Definition of a Material System 3 Definition of Internal and External 4 Definition of Configuration 5 Diagrams 6 A Material Particle 7 Relative Position of two Material Particles 8 Vectors 9 System of Three Particles 10 Addition of Vectors 11 Subtraction of one Vector from another 12 Origin of Vectors 13 Relative Position of Two Systems 14 Three Data for the Comparison of Two Systems 15 On the Idea of Space 16 Error of Descartes 17 On the Idea of Time 18 Absolute Space 19 Statement of the General Maxim of Physical Science CHAPTER II ON MOTION 20 Definition of Displacement 21 Diagram of Displacement 22 Relative Displacement 23 Uniform Displacement 24 On Motion 25 On the Continuity of Motion 26 On Constant Velocity 27 On the Measurement of Velocity when Variable 28 Diagram of Velocities 29 Properties of the Diagram of Velocities 30 "Meaning of the Phrase " At Rest " 31 On Change of Velocity 32 On Acceleration 33 On the Rate of Acceleration 34 Diagram of Accelerations 35 Acceleration a Relative Term CHAPTER III ON FORCE 36 Kinematics and Kinetics 37 Mutual Action between Two Bodies-Stress 38 External Force 39 Different Aspects of the same Phenomenon 40 Newton's Laws of Motion 41 The First Law of Motion 42 On the Equilibrium of Forces 43 Definition of Equal Times 44 The Second Law of Motion 45 Definition of Equal Masses and of Equal Forces 46 Measurement of Mass 47 Numerical Measurement of Force 48 Simultaneous Action of Forces on a Body 49 On Impulse 50 Relation between Force and Mass 51 On Momentum 52 Statement of the Second Law of Motion in Terms of Impulse and Momentum 53 Addition of Forces 54 The Third Law of Motion 55 Action and Reaction are the Partial Aspects of a Stree 56 Attraction and Repulsion 57 The Third Law True of Action at a Distance 58 Newton's Proof not Experimental CHAPTER IV ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE CENTRE OF MASS OF A MATERIAL SYSTEM 59 Definition of a Mass-Vector 60 Centre of Mass of Two Particles 61 Centre of Mass of a System 62 Momentum represented as the Rate of Change of a Mass-Vector 63 Effect of External Forces on the Motion of the Centre of Mass 64 The Motion of the Centre of Mass of a System is not affected by the Mutual Action of the Parts of the System 65 First and Second Laws of Motion 66 Method of treating Systems of Molecules 67 "By the Introduction of the Idea of Mass we pass from Point-Vectors, Point Displacements, Velocities, Total Accelerations, and Rates of Acceleration, to Mass-Vectors, Mass Displacements, Momenta, Impulses, and Moving Forces" 68 Definition of a Mass-Area 69 Angular Momentum 70 Moment of a Force about a Point 71 Conservation of Angular Momentum CHAPTER V ON WORK AND ENERGY 72 Definitions 73 Principle of Conservation of Energy 74 General Statement of the Principle of the Conservation of Energy 75 Measurement of Work 76 Potential Energy 77 Kinetic Energy 78 Oblique Forces 79 Kinetic Energy of Two Particles referred to their Centre of Mass 80 Kinetic Energy of a Material System referred to its Centre of Mass 81 Available Kinetic Energy 82 Potential Energy 83 Elasticity 84 Action at a Distance 85 Theory of Potential Energy more complicated than that of Kinetic Energy 86 Application of the Method of Energy to the Calculation of Forces 87 Specification of the [Mode of Action] of Forces 88 Application to a System in Motion 89 Application of the Method of Energy to the Investigation of Real Bodies 90 Variables on which the Energy depends 91 Energy in Terms on the Variables 92 Theory of Heat 93 Heat a Form of Energy 94 Energy Measured as Heat 95 Scientific Work to be done 96 History of the Doctrine of Energy 97 On the Different Forms of Energy CHAPTER VI RECAPITULATION 98 Retrospect of Abstract Dynamics 99 Kinematics 100 Force 101 Stress 102 Relativity of Dynamical Knowledge 103 Relativity of Force 104 Rotation 105 Newton's Determination of the Absolute Velocity of Rotation 106 Foucault's Pendulum 107 Matter and Energy 108 Test of a Material Substance 109 Energy not capable of Identification 110 Abolute Value of the Energy of a Body unknown 111 Latent Energy 112 A Complete Discussion of Energy would include the whole of Physical Science CHAPTER VII THE PENDULUM AND GRAVITY 113 On Uniform Motion in a Circle 114 Centrifugal Force 115 Periodic Time 116 On Simple Harmonic Vibrations 117 On the Force acting on the Vibrating Body 118 Isochronous Vibrations 119 Potential Energy of the Vibrating Body 120 The Simple Pendulum 121 A Rigid Pendulum 122 Inversion of the Pendulum 123 Illustration of Kater's Pendulum 124 Determination of the Intensity of Gravity 125 Method of Observation 126 Estimation of Error CHAPTER VIII UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION 127 Newton's Method 128 Kepler's Laws 129 Angular Velocity 130 Motion about the Centre of Mass 131 The Orbit 132 The Hodograph 133 Kepler's Second Law 134 Force on a Planet 135 Interpretation of Kepler's Third Law 136 Law of Gravitation 137 Amended Form of Kepler's Third Law 138 Potential Energy due to Gravitation 139 Kinetic Energy of the System 140 Potential Energy of the System 141 The Moon is a Heavy Body 142 Cavendish's Experiment 143 The Torsion Balance 144 Method of the Experiment 145 Universal Gravitation 146 Cause of Gravitation 147 Application of Newton's Method of Investigation 148 Methods of Molecular Investigations 149 Importance of General and Elementary Properties [CHAPTER IX] ON THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF A CONNECTED SYSTEM APPENDIX I THE RELATIVITY OF THE FORCES OF NATURE APPENDIX II THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ACTION INDEX

About the Author

James Clerk Maxwell: In His Own Words - And Others Dover reprinted Maxwell's Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in 1954, surely one of the first classics of scientific literature over a thousand pages in length to be given new life and accessibility to students and researchers as a result of the paperback revolution of the 1950s. Matter and Motion followed in 1991 and Theory of Heat in 2001. Some towering figures in science have to speak for themselves. Such is James Clerk Maxwell (1813-1879), the Scottish physicist and mathematician who formulated the basic equations of classical electromagnetic theory. In the Author's Own Words: "We may find illustrations of the highest doctrines of science in games and gymnastics, in traveling by land and by water, in storms of the air and of the sea, and wherever there is matter in motion." "The 2nd law of thermodynamics has the same degree of truth as the statement that if you throw a tumblerful of water into the sea, you cannot get the same tumblerful of water out again." - James Clerk Maxwell Critical Acclaim for James Clerk Maxwell: "From a long view of the history of mankind - seen from, say, ten thousand years from now - there can be little doubt that the most significant event of the 19th century will be judged as Maxwell's discovery of the laws of electrodynamics. The American Civil War will pale into provincial insignificance in comparison with this important scientific event of the same decade." - Richard P. Feynman "Maxwell's equations have had a greater impact on human history than any ten presidents." - Carl Sagan