Table of Contents

Preface * xvii Map of Ancient Egypt * xix Historical Chronology * xxi Abbreviations * xxiii PART ONE. GRAMMAR * 1 Introduction * 3 I-1. Afroasiatic Languages * 3 I-2. The Egyptian Language * 5 I-3. Spoken Egyptian and Written Egyptian * 6 I-4. Scripts of the Egyptian Languages * 7 I-5. The Hieroglyphic Writing System * 12 I-6. Monoconsonantal Signs * 13 I-7. Modern "Classroom" Pronunciation * 19 I-8. The Direction of Hieroglyphic Writing * 20 I-9. Arrangement of Signs * 22 l-10. Transliteration: Modern Conventions * 22 I-11. Logographic Writing, Phonetic Writing, and Determinatives * 24 I-12. Biconsonantal and Triconsonantal Signs * 25 I-13. Semantic Determinatives * 26 I-14. The Use of the Linear Stroke * 28 Main Semantic Determinatives * 29 A Note on Lexicography * 33 Lesson 1 * 35 1.1. Egyptian Nouns * 35 1.2. Egyptian Adjectives * 40 Vocabulary: Family, Persons, the Body * 43 Exercises * 44 Further Reading * 45 Lesson 2 * 46 2.1. Noun Phrases * 46 2.2. The Genitive * 46 2.3. Apposition * 50 2.4. Connection * 50 2.5. Alterity * 52 2.6. The Vocative * 52 Vocabulary: The World of Nature * 53 Exercises * 54 Further Reading * 55 Lesson 3 * 56 3.1. The nfr Hr Construction * 56 3.2. Honorific Transposition * 57 3.3. Graphic Transposition * 57 3.4. Monograms * 58 3.5. Nonverbal Sentences: Adjectival * 59 3.6. Degrees of Quality * 61 3.7. Demonstratives * 63 3.8. The Quantifier * 66 Vocabulary: Agencies of Power * 67 Exercises * 69 Further Reading * 70 Lesson 4 * 71 4.1. Relational Adjectives: Forms * 71 4.2. Relational Adjectives: Usage * 75 4.3. Locutions * 78 4.4. The Use of jrj * 79 Vocabulary: Common Nisba-Terms and Titles * 79 Exercises * 80 Further Reading * 81 Lesson 5 * 82 5.1. Independent Pronouns * 82 5.2. Nonverbal Sentences: Nominal * 83 5.3. The Royal Titulary * 87 5.4. Sp sn: "(Read) Twice" * 88 Vocabulary: Ideology of Kingship * 89 Exercises * 90 Further Reading * 91 Lesson 6 * 92 6.1. Nonverbal Sentences: Adverbial * 92 6.2. The Meaning of jw and mk * 93 6.3. Suffix Pronouns * 94 6.4. The M of Predication * 99 Vocabulary: Adverbs, Prepositions, Particles * 100 Exercises * 101 Further Reading * 102 Lesson 7 * 103 7.1. Double Articulation * 103 7.2. Verbs: An Introduction * 107 7.3. Verb Classes * 108 7.4. Infinitives * 113 Vocabulary: Basic Verbs * 115 Exercises * 116 Further Reading * 117 Lesson 8 * 118 8.1. The Pseudoverbal Construction * 118 8.2. The Stative * 122 Vocabulary: Animals * 126 Exercises * 127 Further Reading * 128 Lesson 9 * 129 9.1. Dependent Pronouns * 129 9.2. Infi nitives: Subject, Object, Indirect Object * 131 9.3. Independent Uses of the Infinitive * 133 9.4. The Infinitive as a Noun * 134 Vocabulary: Warfare * 136 Exercises * 137 Further Reading * 138 Lesson 10 * 139 10.1. The Stative: Independent Uses * 139 10.2. Abstract Nouns--Idioms with bw and s.t * 141 10.3. Numbers * 142 10.4. Measurements * 148 10.5. Weights * 151 10.6. Time * 151 10.7. Dates * 152 Vocabulary: Time, Number, Measure * 153 Exercises * 154 Further Reading * 155 Lesson 11 * 156 11.1. Nonverbal Sentences: Overview * 156 11.2. Verbal Sentences: Introduction * 158 11.3. The Suffix Conjugation: Overview * 160 11.4. The Transposition of the Verb in Middle Egyptian * 163 11.5. The Circumstantial Sdm=f Form * 165 Vocabulary: Temples, Holy Sites, Rituals * 167 Exercises * 168 Further Reading * 169 Lesson 12 * 170 12.1. The Circumstantial %Dm.n=f Form * 170 12.2. Clauses of Circumstance: Main and Dependent * 172 12.3. Relative Clauses * 176 Vocabulary: Sailing, Travel * 181 Exercises * 182 Further Reading * 183 Lesson 13 * 184 13.1. Fronting * 184 13.2. Nominal Verb Forms * 186 13.3. The Nominal Sdm=f : Usage * 187 13.4. The Nominal Sdm.n=f : Usage * 192 Vocabulary: Love and Sex * 194 Exercises * 194 Further Reading * 195 Lesson 14 * 196 14.1. Verbs of Perception * 196 14.2. Verbs of Motion * 196 14.3. Verbs of Incomplete Predication * 197 14.4. The Prospective Sdm=f * 197 Vocabulary: Luxuries * 204 Exercises * 205 Further Reading * 206 Lesson 15 * 207 15.1. Word Order in the Verbal Sentence * 207 15.2. Omission of the Subject and/or Direct Object * 210 15.3. The Old Indicative sdm=f * 211 15.4. Negation * 211 Vocabulary: Comestibles and their Consumption * 216 Exercises * 217 Further Reading * 218 Lesson 16 * 219 16.1. Existential Sentences * 219 16.2. The Passive Voice * 220 16.3. The Imperative * 224 16.4. The Negative Imperative * 227 16.5. Additional Enclitic Particles * 228 Vocabulary: Everyday Life * 229 Exercises * 230 Further Reading * 231 Lesson 17 * 232 17.1. The Form Sdm.t=f * 232 17.2. Participles * 234 17.3. The Participial Statement * 241 17.4. Extended Use of the Passive Participles * 242 17.5. Passive Participle + Noun * 243 Vocabulary: Death * 243 Exercises * 244 Further Reading * 245 Lesson 18 * 246 18.1. Narrative Past Tense Constructions * 246 18.2. Possession * 249 18.3. Relative Verb Forms * 250 18.4. The Sm.t pw jrj.n=f Construction * 253 18.5. The Offering Formula * 253 Vocabulary: Speaking and Writing * 255 Exercises * 255 Further Reading * 256 PART TWO. READING * 257 Introduction * 259 Shipwrecked Sailor * 259 "Shipwrecked Sailor" [Transcription] * 262 Shipwrecked Sailor: Bibliography * 294 PART THREE. FURTHER RESOURCES * 297 R-1. Supplementary Grammar * 299 R-2. Table of Biconsonantal Signs * 311 R-3. Table of Triconsonantal Signs * 313 R-4. List of Basic Prepositions * 314 R-5. Tables of Verbs * 316 R-6. Vocabulary * 318 R-7. Sign Lists * 347 Index * 388

About the Author

Daniel L. Selden, Professor of Literature at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and co-editor of Innovations of Antiquity, has written widely on classical literatures of the Mediterranean and Near East.