Table of Contents

Part 1 Serial endosymbiosis theory: overview; autopoiesis and many genomes; origins; toward phototrophy; toward phototrophy; associations and eukaryotes. Part 2 Diversity: classification and evolution; prokaryotes and eukaryotes; five kingdoms. Part 3 Cell evolution in perspective: direct filiation; disreputable theories. Part 4 Before cells: the geological context; organic compounds; meteorites; making life in the laboratory. Part 5 Evolution before oxygen: criteria for relatedness; anaerobic innovations; the archean record. Part 6 Atmospheric oxygen from photosynthesis: aerobiosis in microbes; organic geochemistry; the proterozoic record and the earliest eukaryotes. Part 7 Symbiogenesis: symbiosis as parasexuality; from symbionts to organelles; mixotricha motility symbiosis; photosynthetic ciliates; predatory prokaryotes; genetic analysis of symbiodsis; names - binomial nomenclature and phylogenies for symbionts. Part 8 Nuclei, mitosis and undulipodia: nuclear origins; protoctist cell division; centriole-kinetosomes and microtubules; towards mitosis; centriole-kinetosome DNA. Part 9 Undulipodia from spirochetes: symbiosis and microtuble systems; spirochetes; preadaptive spirochete behaviour; motility symbioses; cytoplasmic tubules in prokaryotes; origins of undulipodia. Part 10 Mitrochondria: mitochondria from proteobacteria; mitochondrial legacy and cytoplasmic heredity; pathogen to organelle - a mitochondrial analogy; refining and interfacing - the mix-match princple. Part 11 Plastids: genetic continuity of plastids; plastid and host genomes; from symbiont to organelle - rare or frequent? Part 12 Phanerozoic consequences: calcium and skeletons; symbiogenesis, speciation and morphogenesis in the phanerozoic eon; plants, animals and chromosomes; gaia and the extant biosphere. Appendix Phyla and classes of the five kingdoms.