Introduction: Why Study Biomechanics
What Is Biomechanics?
What Are the Goals of Sport and Exercise Biomechanics?
The History of Sport Biomechanics
The Organization of Mechanics
Basic Dimensions and Units of Measurement Used in Mechanics
Summary
Learning Aids
Part I: External Biomechanics: External Forces and Their Effects on the Body and Its Movement
Chapter 1. Forces: Maintaining Equilibrium or Changing Motion
What Are Forces?
Classifying Forces
Friction
Addition of Forces: Force Composition
Resolution of Forces
Static Equilibrium
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 2. Linear Kinematics: Describing Objects in Linear Motion
Motion
Linear Kinematics
Uniform Acceleration and Projectile Motion
Summary
Learning Aids
Motion Analysis Exercises Using MaxTRAQ
Chapter 3. Linear Kinetics: Explaining the Causes of Linear Motion
Newton’s First Law of Motion: Law of Inertia
Conservation of Momentum
Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration
Impulse and Momentum
Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Law of Action-Reaction
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Summary
Learning Aids
Motion Analysis Exercises Using MaxTRAQ
Chapter 4. Work, Power, and Energy: Explaining the Causes of Motion Without Newton
Work
Energy
The Work–Energy Relationship
Power
Summary
Learning Aids
Motion Analysis Exercises Using MaxTRAQ
Chapter 5. Torques and Moments of Force: Maintaining Equilibrium or Changing Angular Motion
What Are Torques?
Forces and Torques in Equilibrium
What Is Center of Gravity?
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 6. Angular Kinematics: Describing Objects in Angular Motion
Angular Position and Displacement
Angular and Linear Displacement
Angular Velocity
Angular and Linear Velocity
Angular Acceleration
Angular and Linear Acceleration
Anatomical System for Describing Limb Movements
Summary
Learning Aids
Motion Analysis Exercises Using MaxTRAQ
Chapter 7. Angular Kinetics: Explaining the Causes of Angular Motion
Angular Inertia
Angular Momentum
Angular Interpretation of Newton’s First Law of Motion
Angular Interpretation of Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Angular Impulse and Angular Momentum
Angular Interpretation of Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 8. Fluid Mechanics: The Effects of Water and Air
Buoyant Force: Force Due to Immersion
Dynamic Fluid Force: Force Due to Relative Motion
Summary
Learning Aids
Part II: Internal Biomechanics: Internal Forces and Their Effects on the Body and Its Movement
Chapter 9. Mechanics of Biological Materials: Stresses and Strains on the Body
Stress
Strain
Mechanical Properties of Materials: The Stress–Strain Relationship
Mechanical Properties of the Musculoskeletal System
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 10. The Skeletal System: The Rigid Framework of the Body
Bones
Joints
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 11. The Muscular System: The Motors of the Body
The Structure of Skeletal Muscle
Muscle Action
Muscle Contraction Force
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 12. The Nervous System: Control of the Musculoskeletal System
The Nervous System and the Neuron
The Motor Unit
Receptors and Reflexes
Summary
Learning Aids
Part III: Applying Biomechanical Principles
Chapter 13. Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis to Improve Technique
Types of Biomechanical Analysis
Steps of a Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis
Sample Analyses
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 14. Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis to Improve Training
Biomechanics and Training
Qualitative Anatomical Analysis Method
Sample Analyses
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 15. Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis to Understand Injury Development
Steven T. McCaw
Mechanical Stress and Injury
Tissue Response to Stress
Mechanism of Overuse Injury
Individual Differences in Tissue Threshold
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Injury
Sample Analysis: Overuse Injuries in Running
Summary
Learning Aids
Chapter 16. Technology in Biomechanics
Quantitative Biomechanical Analysis
Measurement Issues
Tools for Measuring Biomechanical Variables
Summary
Learning Aids
Motion Analysis Exercises Using MaxTRAQ
Peter M. McGinnis, PhD, is a professor in the department of kinesiology at the State University of New York, College at Cortland, where he has taught since 1990. He is also the men’s and women’s pole vault coach at SUNY Cortland. Before 1990, Dr. McGinnis was an assistant professor in the department of kinesiology at the University of Northern Colorado. During that time he served as a sport biomechanist in the Sports Science Division of the U.S. Olympic Committee in Colorado Springs, where he conducted applied sport biomechanics research, tested athletes, taught biomechanics courses to coaches, and developed educational materials for coaches.
Dr. McGinnis is also the biomechanist for the pole vault event for USA Track and Field. As a member of the American Society of Testing Materials, he serves as chair of the pole vault equipment subcommittee and the task group on pole vault helmets. He has authored numerous articles and technical reports about the biomechanics of pole vaulting and has been a reviewer for Sports Biomechanics, the Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, and the Journal of Sports Sciences.
Dr. McGinnis is a member of numerous professional organizations, including the American College of Sports Medicine, American Society of Biomechanics, and the International Society of Biomechanics in Sport. He received a PhD in physical education from the University of Illinois in 1984 and a BS in engineering from Swarthmore College in 1976.
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