Table of Contents

List of Maps Preface Acronyms Introduction References and Further Readings 1 Social Movements and Revolutions Revolutionary Movements: Critical Factors Revolutions That Failed Theories of Revolution Are Revolutions Developing or Occurring Now? Summary References and Further Readings 2 The Russian Revolutions and Eastern Europe Geography and Population The Setting for Revolution The Russian Social Democratic Party The Attempted Revolution of 1905 The Revolutions of 1917 Assessing the Bolshevik Seizure of Power The Civil War Leadership Struggle The Soviet Union Under Stalin The Russian Revolution: Long-Term Consequences The Soviet Union and Revolution in Eastern Europe The Solidarity Movement and the Roots of Conflict in Post--Communist Party States The Disintegration of the Soviet Union Economic and Political Trends Corruption Health and Related Issues The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Tragedy of Bosnia Color Revolutions Conflict Between Georgia and Russia in 28 Summary and Analysis Russian Revolutions: Chronology of Major Events References and Further Readings Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries 3 Revolution in China Geography and Population Social and Historical Settings for Revolution The Development of the Republican Movement Civil War in China The People's Republic of China: 1949--1990 The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: 1966--1968 Post-1978 Reforms The 1989 Prodemocracy Demonstrations China's Economic and Political Systems in the 1990s China's Economic Success Relative to the Former USSR Morality and the Future of the Chinese Revolution China's Progress, Problems, Policies, and Plans for the Future Summary and Analysis Chinese Revolution: Chronology of Major Events References and Further Readings Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries 4 The Vietnamese Revolution Geography and Population Early Cultural and Political Characteristics French Conquest The French Impact on Vietnam Resistance to French Rule The Impact of World War II Insurrection The French Indochina War: 1946--1954 The 1954 Geneva Accords on Indochina U.S. Involvement in Vietnam: 1954--1975 Aftermath and Related Developments Summary and Analysis Vietnamese Revolution: Chronology of Major Events References and Further Readings Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries 5 The Cuban Revolution Geography and Population Prerevolutionary Political History Economy and Social Classes Revolution Revolutionary Cuba U.S. Reactions to the Revolution Cuba and Revolution in Other Countries Cuba and Venezuela's Bolivarian Revolution and the Democratic Shift to the Left in Latin America Cuban Economy and Political System Summary and Analysis Cuban Revolution: Chronology of Major Events References and Further Readings Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries 6 Revolution in Nicaragua Geography and Population Nicaragua Before the Revolution The Revolution Postrevolutionary Government, Changes, and Conflicts U.S. and World Reactions to the Revolution 1989 Peace Agreement and 1990 Election Nicaragua in the 1990s Why Were Republican Administrations So Hostile? Nicaragua After the Violeta Chamorro Presidency Daniel Ortega and the FSLN Regain the Presidency Summary and Analysis Nicaraguan Revolution: Chronology of Major Events References and Further Readings Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries 7 The Iranian Revolution and Islamic Fundamentalism Geography and Population National Culture The Qajar Dynasty and Foreign Influence The Pahlavi Dynasty The Setting for Revolution The Revolutionary Process Revolutionary Iran Iran After Khomeini Iran and the 1991 Gulf War Iran and Islamic Revolution Elsewhere Iran, Afghanistan, the War on Terror, and the U.S.-Led Invasion and Occupation of Iraq Developments After the Election of Obama Summary and Analysis Iranian Revolution: Chronology of Major Events References and Further Readings Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries 8 Islamic Revolutionary Movements Historical Background of Islamic Fundamentalism Fundamentalism, Millenarianism, and Revolutionary Potential in Shia Islam Contemporary Revolutionary Fundamentalism in Sunna Islam: Hamas, Al Qaeda, Taliban The War in Iraq Hezbollah and the War with Israel Summary and Analysis Islamic Revolutionary Movements: Chronology of Major Events References and Further Readings Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries 9 South Africa Geography and Population Dutch and British Colonization The Union of South Africa The Apartheid State Changes in the Apartheid System Opposition to Apartheid Counterinsurgency Strategies of the Regime in the 1980s Reforming Apartheid The Dismantling of Apartheid South Africa After Apartheid Summary and Analysis South Africa: Chronology of Major Events References and Further Readings Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries 10 Revolution Through Democracy Revolution to Democracy Revolution Through Democracy: The Venezuelan Exception Revolution Through Democracy: Bolivia Elections in Other Nations Summary and Analysis Chronology of Major Events References and Further Readings Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries 11 Conclusions Some Comparisons Among the Case Studies Inadequacies in the Theories of Revolution Revolutions of the Future? References and Further Readings Purchase and Rental Sources About the Book and Author Index

About the Author

James DeFronzo is emeritus faculty of sociology at the University of Connecticut. His books include The Iraq War: Origins and Consequences (Westview Press) and the award-winning three-volume encyclopedia Revolutionary Movements in World History, and he is the author of numerous articles on criminology, social policy related to crime, political sociology, and revolutionary movements.

Reviews

"James DeFronzo provides an outstanding survey of twentieth-century revolutionary movements. This book broadly conceptualizes factors that led to these ruptures, and analyzes their significance and legacies. Its compelling interpretations make it an outstanding choice both for classes on modern revolutions as well as for general readers." -Marc Becker, Truman State University "I know of no more lucid analysis of revolution's role in remaking the modern world than James DeFronzo's Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements. This clearly-written, well-researched, and completely updated fourth edition illuminates the diverse forces which have inspired and propelled revolution. By putting compelling portraits of specific revolutions into a global context, Professor DeFronzo helps college students and general readers alike anticipate revolutions to come and contemplate ways to deal with them. A comprehensive bibliography of print and other sources greatly enhances the value of this indispensable book." -P. Richard Bohr, College of St. Benedict's and St. John's University "James DeFronzo has surpassed his previous high standards once again in this indispensable guide to revolutionary matters, past, present, and perhaps to come. This is a book that is aging well as it grows up in the 21st century, and its new chapter on the dramatic events unfolding in Venezuela and Bolivia will be much appreciated." -John Foran, University of California at Santa Barbara "In Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements, James DeFronzo has provided an excellent overview of the complex subject of revolution in clear, concise language. In this fourth edition, he has added important material, including sections on Color Revolutions, Daniel Ortega and the FSLN Regain the Presidency, Developments [in Iran] After the Election of Obama, and more. There is also a whole new chapter on Revolution through Democracy. DeFronzo's Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements is an excellent resource not only for students, but for policymakers, journalists, and scholars as well." -Mark N. Katz, Professor of Government and Politics, George Mason University "This smart, accessible, and compelling text is packed with information and provides one-stop shopping for those interested in the major revolutions and revolutionary movements of the last hundred years. DeFronzo captures the high points and the complexity that mark the revolutionary processes of the past hundred years--an excellent entry point in this fascinating field." -Eric Selbin, Professor of Political Science and University Scholar, Southwestern University