Table of Contents

PREFACE. INTRODUCTION. Background. Summary. PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF MODERN MINE WASTE MANAGEMENT UNITS. Current Mine Waste Management Practices in California. Performance History. Conclusions. Regulatory Implications. MINE WASTE MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS. Overview of Systems Approach for Determining Mine Waste Management Requirements. Protecting Beneficial Uses of Waters. Identifying Potential Receiving Waters and Their Beneficial Uses. Assessing Physical and Chemical Properties of Mine Waste. Site-Specific Factors. Waste Management Unit Containment. The Systems Approach to Designing Waste Containment. Regulatory Implications. PREDICTION OF ACID GENERATION POTENTIAL. Acid Mine Drainage. Acid Generation Prediction. Acid Generation and Leachate Migration Control Measures. In-Waste Monitoring. Regulatory Implications. ATTENUATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS. Mine Wastes and Chemistry. Factors and Mechanisms Affecting Contaminant Migration. Relationship Between Chemicals and Mechanisms. Appropriate Levels of Verification. Regulatory Implications. CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS. Mine Waste Pile Water Balance. Infiltration and Recharge Case Histories. Analytical Approach to Percolation Evaluation. Prediction of Infiltration. Regulatory Implications. LINER SYSTEM DESIGN. Types of Liner Systems. Types of Individual Liner System Components. Liner System Performance. Regulatory Implications. CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS. Closure Objectives. Description of Mine Waste Management Units. Designing for Closure. Closure Technologies and Design Elements. Regulations for Closure. HEAP LEACHING. Heap Leach Practice. Design Approach. Heap Leach Guidelines. GROUND WATER MONITORING. Factors to be Considered When Designing a Monitoring System. Elements of a Monitoring System. Monitoring System Design Approach. Regulatory Implications. ECONOMIC IMPACT EVALUATION. Regulatory Analysis. Cost Analyses. Conclusions and Recommendations. APPENDIX A: EDITORS, AUTHORS, AND PEER REVIEWERS. APPENDIX B: CALIFORNIA STATE AGENCIES PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING MINE WASTE DISPOSAL. APPENDIX C: TAILINGS IMPOUNDMENT, CONTAINMENT ASSESSMENT CONCEPTUAL MODEL, PARAMETERS AND EQUATIONS. APPENDIX D: HELP MODEL RUN RESULTS. APPENDIX E: PROTOCOL FOR DETERMINING LEACHABLE RESIDUALS. APPENDIX F: SONORA MINING CORPORATION, JAMESTOWN MINE DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE OF THE TAILINGS MANAGEMENT FACILITY. APPENDIX G: WASTE MANAGEMENT COST CALCULATIONS.