Table of Contents

List of Contributors Foreword Preface Acknowledgements About the companion website Part 1. Introduction Chapter 1. The past, present, and future of liana ecology Schnitzer, S.A. (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), Putz, F.E. (University of Florida), Bongers, F. (Wageningen University), and Kroening, K. (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee) Part 2. Patterns of liana demography and distribution: from local to global Chapter 2. Liana abundance and diversity in Cameroon's Korup, National Park Thomas, D. et al. (Oregon State University) Chapter 3. Dynamics of lianas in DR Congo Bongers, F. (Wageningen University) and Ewango, C. Chapter 4. Liana composition and diversity among tropical forest types of peninsular India Parthasarathy, N. et al. (Pondicherry University) Chapter 5. Diversity and distribution of lianas in Yasuni, Ecuador Burnham, R.J. (University of Michigan) and Romero-Saltos, H. Chapter 6. Liana assemblage structure in four sites across the Brazilian Amazon Nogueira, A. et al. ( Universidade de Sao Paulo) Chapter 7. The lianas of Barro Colorado Island, Panama Schnitzer, S.A. (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute), Mangan, S.A. (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), and Hubbell, S.P. (University of California-Los Angeles) Chapter 8. Diversity and distribution of lianas in Mexico Ibarra-Manriquez, G . et al. (UNAM) Chapter 9. Climbing plant diversity in Australia: taxonomy, biogeography and functional traits Gallagher, R. ( Macquarie University ) Chapter 10. Patterns of liana succession in tropical forests Letcher, S. (Purchase College) Chapter 11. Biogeographical patterns of liana abundance and diversity DeWalt, S. et al. (Clemson University) Part 3. Liana-tree competition: community and ecosystem level effects Chapter 12. Above and belowground competition between lianas and trees Toledo-Aceves, T. (Instituto de Ecologica, A.C.) Chapter 13. Impacts of lianas on forest-level carbon storage and sequestration Van der Heijden, G. et al. (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee) Chapter 14. Reciprocal interactions between lianas and forest soil Powers, J. (University of Minnesota) Chapter 15. The role of lianas in temperate tree communities Ladwig, L. (University of New Mexico) and Meiners, S.J. (Eastern Illinois University) Part 4. Liana evolution Chapter 16. Climbing plants in the fossil record: Paleozoic to present Burnham, R.J. University of Michigan Chapter 17. The evolution of angiosperm lianescense -- a prospective from xylem structure -- function Isnard, S. (Botanique et Bioinformatique de l'architecture des plantes -- AMAP) and Feild, T. (James Cook University) Chapter 18. Evolutionary implications of the climbing habit in plants Gianoli, E. Universidad de Concepcion Part 5. Liana Anatomy, Physiology, and Biomechanics Chapter 19. Liana anatomy: a broad perspective on structural evolution of the vascular system Angyalossy, V. ( Universidade de Sao Paulo) , Pace, M. ( Universidade de Sao Paulo), and Lima, A. (Universidade de Sao Paulo) Chapter 20. Physiological implications of the liana growth form Santiago, L. et al. (University of California -- Riverside) Chapter 21. Canopy chemistry expresses the life-history strategies of lianas and trees Asner, G. (Stanford University) and Martin, R. (Stanford University) Chapter 22. Liana nutrient relations Kazda, M. (University of Ulm) Chapter 23. Stem biomechanics, strength of attachment and developmental plasticity of vines and lianas Rowe, N. (Botanique et Bioinformatique de l'architecture des plantes -- AMAP) and Speck, T. (University of Freiburg) Part 6. Liana-animal interactions Chapter 24. Effects of lianas on canopy arthropod community structure Yanoviak, S. (University of Louisville) Chapter 25. Liana -- bird relationships: a review Michel, N. (Tulane University) , Robinson, D. (Oregon State University), and Sherry, T. (Tulane University) Chapter 26. Relationship between lianas and arboreal mammals: testing the Emmons-Gentry hypothesis Lambert, T. (Frostburg State University) and Halsey, M.K. (Frostburg State University) Chapter 27. Use of lianas by primates: more than a food resource Arroyo-Rodriguez, V. et al. (UNAM-Morelia) Part 7. Lianas and Forest Management and Conservation Chapter 28. Lianas as invasive species in North America Leicht-Young, S. (US Forest Service) and Pavlovic, N.B. (US Forest Service) Chapter 29. Ecological effects of lianas in fragmented forests Campbell, M. (James Cook University) and Laurance, W. (James Cook University) Chapter 30. Increasing liana abundance in neotropical forests: causes and consequences Schnitzer, S.A. (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee)

About the Author

Dr Stefan A. Schnitzer has studied tropical forest ecology in Borneo, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, and Panama. He is currently a Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, and a Research Associate with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in the Republic of Panama.

Frans Bongers has studied lianas for 20 years, analysing liana communities, populations and autecology, as well as liana use and management, mostly in the context of forest dynamics. He is Professor of Tropical Forest Ecology at Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Robyn J. Burnham is Associate Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Michigan and a Research Associate at Smithsonian Institution, Field Museum, and Missouri Botanical Garden. She has a dedicated focus on the species of climbing plants that dominate the Amazon Basin, from Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and all the way across Brazil, to the mouth of the Amazon river.

Francis E. Putz started his research on liana ecology and management in the 1970s in Southeast Asia, but has since spent an equal amount of time in Latin America researching vines and forest conservation. He is a Professor at the University of Florida and a Senior Research Associate with the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) in Indonesia.