Table of Contents

I. THE GRAM-POSITIVE CELL WALL1. The Ultrastructure of Gram-Positive Cell Walls2. Surface Proteins on Gram-Positive Bacteria II. THE STREPTOCOCCUSA. GROUP A3. Intracellular Invasion by Streptococcus pyogenes: Invasins, Host Receptors, and Relevance to Human Disease4. Capsular Polysaccharide of Group A Streptococcus5. Toxins and Superantigens of Group A Streptococci6. Genetics of Group A Streptococci7. Cross-Reactive Antigens of Group A Streptococci8. Extracellular Matrix Interactions with Gram-Positive Pathogens9. Streptococci-Mediated Host Cell Signaling10. Vaccine Approaches To Protect against Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis11. The Bacteriophages of Group A Streptococci12. Molecular Epidemiology, Ecology, and Evolution of Group A StreptococciB. GROUP B13. Pathogenic Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Group B Streptococci14. Surface Structures of Group B Streptococcus Important in Human ImmunityC. GROUP C15. Genetics and Pathogenicity Factors of Groups C and G Streptococci16. Pathogenicity Factors in Group C and G StreptococciD. GROUP G17. Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcal Infections18. Group C and Group G Streptococcal Infections: Epidemiologic and Clinical AspectsE. STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE19. The Cell Wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae20. Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsular Polysaccharide21. Streptococcus pneumoniae: Invasion and Inflammation22. Phase Variation of Streptococcus pneumoniae23. Genetics of Streptococcus pneumoniae24. Pneumococcal VaccinesF. ENTEROCOCCI25. Pathogenicity of Enterococci26. Enterococcal GeneticsG. ORAL STREPTOCCI27. Pathogenesis of Oral Streptococci28. Streptococcus mutans: Molecular Genetic Analysis29. Genetics of Streptococcus sanguisH. LACTOCOCCI30. Genetics of Lactococci III. THE STAPHYLOCOCCUS31. Diagnostics, Typing, and Taxonomy32. Genetic and Physical Map of the Chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus 832533. Genetics: Accessory Elements and Genetic Exchange34. Carbohydrate Catabolism: Pathways and Regulation35. Respiration and Small Colony Variants of Staphylococcus aureus36. The Staphylococcal Cell Wall37. Staphylococcal Capsule38. Staphylococcus aureus Exotoxins39. Extracellular Enzymes40. Staphylococcal Surface Proteins41. Pathogenicity Factors and Their Regulation42. Staphylococcus aureus-Eukaryotic Cell Interactions43. The Epidemiology of Staphylococcus Infections44. Animal Models of Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Infection45. Cellular and Extracellular Defenses against Staphylococcal Infections46. Biology and Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis47. Biology and Pathogenicity of Staphylococci Other than Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis48. Antibiotic Resistance in the Staphylococci IV. THE LISTERIA49. Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Listeria monocytogenes Infection50. Immune and Inflammatory Responses to Listeria monocytogenes Infection51. Genetic Tools for Use with Listeria monocytogenes52. Regulation of Virulence Genes in Pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes53. The Cell Biology of Invasion and Intracellular Growth by Listeria monocytogenes V. THE SPORE-FORMING PATHOGENS54. Bacillus anthracis55. Clostridial Genetics56. Neurotoxigenic Clostridia57. Enterotoxic Clostridia: Clostridium perfringens Type A and Clostridium difficile58. Histotoxic ClostridiaACTINOMYCETALES59. Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Iron-Mediated Activation of DtxR and Regulation of Diphtheria Toxin Expression60. Actinomyces: Surface Macromolecules and Bacteria-Host Interactions61. The Pathogenesis of Nocardia VI. ANTIBIOTIC AND HEAVY METAL RESISTANCE MECHANISMS62. Mechanisms of Resistance to b-Lactam Antibiotics63. Resistance to Glycopeptides in Gram-Positive Pathogens64. Aminoglycoside Resistance in Gram-Positive Bacteria65. Mechanisms of Resistance to Heavy Metals and Quaternary Amines66. Tetracycline Resistance in Gram-Positive Bacteria67. Chloramphenicol Resistance68. Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone Resistance69. Resistance to the Macrolide, Lincosamide, and Streptogramin Antibiotics AppendixesIndex