Table of Contents

1. Plants and Mechanical Motion - A Synthetic Approach to Nastic Materials and Structures; Janet M. Sater, John A. Main and Robert McHenry; Introduction; Plant Nastic Responses as Models for Mechanical/Adaptive Structures; Synthetic Nastic Materials; Fluidic Muscle Actuators; References; 2. Controllable Microhydraulic Actuation Using Biological Ion Transporters; D.J. Leo, J. Cuppoletti, S. Narang and V.B. Sundaresan; Introduction; Material Selection - Membrane Assembly; pH Gradient Driven Transport; Actuator Prototypes; Final Discussion; Conclusion; References; 3. Electrochemical Actuators Utilizing Solid-State Intercalation Compounds and Their Applications to Smart Structures; Y.-M. Chiang, S.R. Hall, T.E. Chin, F. Tubilla, G. Baetz, D. Sapnaras and K.Y. Song; Introduction; Materials Characterization and Prototype Actuators; Applications to Smart Structures: Design and Implementation; Conclusions and Future Prospects; References; 4. Electroosmotically-Actuated Hydrogel for Nastic Actuation; Reh-Lin Chen, Chuan-Hua Chen, Bing-Chung Chen and Chung-Lung Chen; Introduction; Electroosmotically-Actuated Hydrogel; Nastic Actuation; Technical Issues; Summary; References; 5. Electrochemical/Combustion Actuation to Achieve Helicopter Blade Twist; G.F. Hawkins, P.A. Hess, T.J. Curtiss, M.J. O'Brien, T.A. Moore, E.W. Fournier, B.B. Brady, S.D. Patty, M.A. Eby and J. Thomas; Introduction; Active Twist Airfoil System; Gas Generation for Actuation; Actuator Testing and Results; Prototype Blade Twist Results; Conclusions and Future Applications; References; 6. Learning from Plants - Recent Advances in Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite based Multi-Cellular and Multi-Functional Adaptive Structures; Suyi Li and K.W. Wang; Introduction to F2MC and Its Functionality; Dynamic Characteristics of Multi-cellular F2MC Structure; Development of Multi-functional F2MC Cellular Structure; Conclusion; Acknowledgements; Nomenclature; References; 7. Soft Robotic Manipulators: Design, Analysis, and Control; Deepak Trivedi and Christopher D. Rahn; Soft Robot Materials; The OctArm; Future of Soft Robots; Conclusions; References; 8. Plant-Inspired Flexible Matrix Composite Actuators for Biomimetic Underwater Propulsion Systems; Michael Philen; Introduction; Objectives; FMC Actuators for Development of an Artificial Fish; Performance of Alligator Swimming Using FMC Actuators; Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 9. Bio-Inspired Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Actuation of Trailing Edge Flaps in a Helicopter Rotor; Benjamin K.S. Woods, Curt S. Kothera and Norman M. Wereley; Introduction; PAM Actuator Development; Trailing Edge Flap Actuation System Design; Wind Tunnel Test Article Design; Wind Tunnel Results and Discussion; PAM-TEF System Whirl Testing; Conclusions; Acknowledgement; References; 10. Final Discussion and Conclusions; Janet M. Sater, John A. Main and Robert McHenry; Final Discussion; Summary and Concluding Remarks; References.