Table of Contents

Preface |vii Abbreviations |ix Introduction 1 1 Catholicism in Retrenchment:the Eighteenth Century 5 The religious geography of Europe |6 Established churches and Erastianism |8 The Latin theocracy |16 The sociology of the Church: the secular clergy |22 The sociology of the Church: the regulars |31 Belief and practice |35 Conclusion:Catholicism in rupture |45 2 Catholicism in Revolution: 1789-1815 47 The rupture, 1787-90 |47 Catholicism and counter-revolution |53 War and dechristianisation |56 The revolution abroad |62 Rome and revolution:the last Pope?|69 Napoleon and religion |71 Napoleon and Europe |77 Conclusion:revolution in retrospect |83 3 Catholicism Restored: 1815-50 85 A new religious geography of Europe |86 The age of con- cordats?|89 Catholics under non-Catholic rule |92 Reaction in theory and practice |101 A religious revival?|110 Pius IX and the revolutions of 1848|120 Conclusion: restoration reviewed |128 4 Catholicism Retuned: 1850-1914 129 Ultramontanism and the papacy |130 Identity and nationalism: the anti-Catholic onslaught |141 The Catholic intellectual world: modernism versus integralism |159 Secularisation |167 Catholicism overseas |188 Conclusion:a Church in the Pope 's image |193 5 Catholicism and Reaction: 1914-45 195 The First World War and its aftermath |196 Catholics and dictators |203 Catholics and the liberal democracies |222 Catholics and belief during the inter-war years |232 The Second World War |244 Conclusion:change and continuity |263 6 Catholicism Revised: 1945-2002 265 Catholics and Cold War: Eastern Europe |266 Catholics and Cold War: Western Europe |273 The Second Vatican Council |289 The challenge of a new secularisation |299 John Paul II: 'a living cult'|313 Conclusion |320 7 Conclusion:Catholicism Reviewed 222 Notes 234 Bibliographical Essay 244 Index 265

About the Author

Nicholas Atkin and Frank Tallett are lecturers in History at the University of Reading and are the editors of The Right in France: From Revolution to Le Pen (I.B.Tauris).