Table of Contents

Preface About the author 1. A Modest Man Crime and Punishment House Arrest Academy of Fists Thomas Jefferson A Changing World Retribution Break with Friends Death 2. Secret Accusations and Torture The Effects of Secrecy Torture a MercyA" Trial by Ordeal Consecrated Cruelty Bentham on Torture Voltaire 3. The Death Penalty Ancient Origin War Against Citizens Deprivation of Liberty Judicial Murder Acceptance in Continental Europe Impact in England The Rev. Martin Madan Archdeacon Paley Criminal Law Commissioners 4. Criminal Law and Punishments Reform of Criminal Justice Penal Law The Origins of Punishments and the Right to Punish Interpretation of the Law Consequences Spirit of the Law Obscurity of the Law The Division of Punishments Crimes of High Treason Voltaire Personal Security The Purpose of Punishment Prompt Punishment Public Tranquility Pleas of the Crown and Confessions 5. Crimes Difficult to Prove and Others Presumptions Adultery Homosexuality Infanticide Suicide Voltaire on Suicide Smuggling Bankruptcy Leading Questions Oaths Sanctuaries Extradition 6. Various Topics and Imprisonment Prosecutions and Prescriptions Criminal Attempts Accomplices Evidence and Proofs of a Crime Witnesses William Garrow Imprisonment John Howard Voltaire 7. Other Punishments Crimes of Violence Punishment of Nobles Theft and Robbery Ill-repute Rewards for Detaining or Killing Criminals Criminal Procedure Voltaire Mildness of Punishments The Means of Preventing Crimes Science Magistrates Certainty of Punishments-Pardons False Ideas of Utility Family Spirit Voltaire's Commentary 8. Profound Impact The French Revolution and Adversary Trial Human Rights and Voltaire's Causes Celebres John Adams 9. Conclusion Success Revolution England Conclusion Select Bibliography Index

About the Author

John Hostettler is one of the UK's leading legal biographers. He was a practising solicitor in London for thirty-five years as well as undertaking political and civil liberties cases in Nigeria, Germany and Aden. His earlier books include several biographical and historical works and his books for Waterside Press include: * Sir William Garrow (2010); * A History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales (2009); * Thomas Erskine and Trial by Jury (2010); * The Criminal Jury Old and New; * Fighting for Justice -The History and Origins of Adversary Trial; and * Hanging in the Balance - A History of the Abolition of Capital Punishment in Britain (with Dr Brian P. Block).