Table of Contents

Introduction.- Neanderthals and Modern Humans across Eurasia.- Neanderthal-Modern Human Contact in Western Eurasia: Issues of Dating, Taxonomy, and Cultural Associations.- Issues of Chronological and Geographical Distributions of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Cultural Variability in the Levant and Implications for the Learning Behavior of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens.- The Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in Siberia: Three Regional Sketches for Replacement.- Cultural Transmission, Institutional Continuity and the Persistence of the Mousterian.- Cultural and Biological Transformations in the Middle Pleistocene Levant: A View from Qesem Cave, Israel.- Evolutionary Development of Learning and Teaching Strategies in Human Societies.- Using Lithic Refitting to Investigate the Skill Learning Process: Lessons from Upper Paleolithic Assemblages from the Shirataki Sites in Hokkaido, Northern Japan.- "Gifting" as a Means of Cultural Transmission: The Archaeological Implications of Bow-and-Arrow Technology in Papua New Guinea.- "Ekeloko": The Spirit to Create –Innovation and Social Learning among Aka Adolescents of the Central African Rainforest.- Determinants of Cultural Evolutionary Rates.- Exploring Cultural Niche Construction from the Paleolithic to Modern Hunter-Gatherers.- The Effects of Cross-Boundary Rituals on Cultural Innovation.- A Simulation Study on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans in Europe: Implications of Climate Change, Cultural Diversification, and the Shape of the Continent.- Cultural Evolution and Learning Strategies in Hominids.- A Mathematical Model of Cultural Interactions between Modern and Archaic Humans.- A Perspective on Evolutionary Models of Learning Strategies.