Table of Contents

Preface

List of Figures and Maps

Abbreviations

A Note on Transliteration

Introduction

 1 Avars and Byzantine-Avar Relations: The Current State of Research

 2 The Image of the Avars in Byzantium

 3 The Avars Come to Europe



1 Byzantium and the Avars from 558 to 582

 1.1 Emperor Justinian I and the Avars

 1.2 Justin II’s Policy and the Establishment of the Avar Khaganate

 1.3 The Conflicts of Justin II with the Avars

 1.4 The Byzantine-Avar Cooperation against the Slavs and the Fall of Sirmium



2 Byzantium and the Avars from 582 until 626

 2.1 Emperor Maurice and the Avars until 591

 2.2 The Byzantine Counter-Attack in the Balkans. The First Phase of the Operations (592–594)

 2.3 The Second Phase of the Operations (595–598)

 2.4 The Third Phase of the Operations (599–602)

 2.5 The Collapse of the Byzantine Frontier on the Danube and the Fall of the Balkan Provinces

 2.6 The Revolt of Samo

 2.7 The Last Phase of Avar Attacks (623–626)



3 The Byzantine-Avar Relations after 626

 3.1 The Testimonies of the Sources

 3.2 The Settlement of the Croats and the Serbs on the Balkans

 3.3 The Revolt of Kubrat



4 The Archaeological Finds on the Byzantine-Avar Relations

 4.1 Early Avar Period I (568–626/30)

 4.2 Early Avar Period II (626/30–660)

 4.3 Middle Avar Period (660–710)

 4.4 Late Avar Period (710–810)

 4.5 The Numismatic Finds

 4.6 Christian Symbols in the Avar Khaganate



5 The Byzantine Finds and the Possible Channels of Communication between Byzantium and the Avars after 626

 5.1 Early Avar Period II

 5.2 Middle Avar Period

 5.3 Late Avar Period



6 Byzantine-Avar Relations and Warfare

 6.1 The Armament of Avar and Byzantine Horsemen

 6.2 The Nomads as Mercenaries in the Byzantine Army

 6.3 Sassanian Influences up the Byzantine Army

 6.4 The “Manner of the Avars” in the Strategikon

 6.5 Tactical Issues

 6.6 Siegecraft



Conclusion

Figures

Maps

Bibliography

Index

About the Author

Georgios Kardaras, Ph.D. (1973), is a researcher at the IHR/NHRF in Athens. His scholarship focuses on the relations of the early Byzantine state with the Slavs and the Eurasian nomads. His two monographs deal with the Byzantine-Avar relations (2010) and the Antes (2016) respectively.

Reviews

"The book is well-presented and comprehensible, and Kardaras’ choice to break the book into an interpretive narrative followed by more loosely connected essays around the general theme of Byzantium and the Avars is effective. Kardaras makes good use of a wide range of scholarship, especially that of Hungarian and Slovak scholars who wrote in German or French […] This book is a major contribution that brings together a range of source material into a coherent narrative centered on Byzantine-Avar relations. Kardaras goes a long way towards pulling back the curtain on these mysterious steppe nomads and their interactions with the Roman Empire". Lucas McMahon, in De Re Militari, October 2019.