1: Introduction.- 1.1. Adsorption from Solution.- 1.2. Nature of the Interface.- 1.3. Nature of the Adsorbate.- 1.4. Nature of the Bulk Phase.- 1.5. Thermodynamics of the Bulk Phase.- 1.6. Partial Molal Quantities.- 1.7. Gas or Vapor Phase.- 1.8. Binary Solution of a Liquid.- 1.9. Activity Coefficient of an Electrolyte.- 1.10. Standard Free Energy Change of a Chemical Reaction.- 1.11. Solute Distribution between Two Insoluble Liquid Phases.- 1.12. The Surface Energy.- 1.13. Surface Tension and Mechanical Equilibrium.- 1.14. Surface Free Energy.- 2: Experimental Methods and Procedures.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Measurement of Boundary Tension.- 2.3. Surface Pressure of Insoluble Film.- 2.4. Equilibrium Spreading Pressure.- 2.5. Measurement of Contact Angle.- 2.6. Adsorption by Powdered Solid from Binary Solution.- 2.7. Direct Analysis of Adsorption at the Liquid Interface.- 2.8. Water Vapor Adsorption by Biopolymers.- 2.9. Detergent-Biopolymer Binding from Equilibrium Dialysis.- 3: Adsorption at Liquid Interfaces and the Gibbs Equation.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Adsorption at Liquid Interfaces.- 3.3. The Interfacial Phase.- 3.4. Physical Model for the Surface Phase.- 3.5. The Bulk Phases.- 3.6. The Gibbs Adsorption Equation.- 3.7. Relative Surfaces Excesses.- 3.8. Total Concentration and Surface Excess.- 3.9. Adsorption and Surface Excess.- 3.10. Absolute Composition of the Interfacial Phase.- 3.11. Binary Mixture of Liquids.- 3.12. Monolayer Model.- 3.13. Boundary Tension of Solutions of Inorganic Electrolytes.- 3.14. Negative Adsorption of an Electrolyte.- 3.15. Discussion on the Derivation of the Gibbs Equation.- 3.16. Alternative Treatment for the Adsorption Equation.- 3.17. Surface Activity Coefficients.- 3.18. Summary and Comments.- 4: Adsorption at the Liquid Interface from the Multicomponent Solution.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Surface Excess for Multicomponent Solutions.- 4.3. Gibbs Equation for the Mixture of Nonelectrolytes.- 4.4. Solution of Organic Electrolytes and the Electrical Double Layer.- 4.5. Electroneutrality in the Interfacial Phase.- 4.6. Gibbs Equation for Electrolyte Adsorption.- 4.7. The Helmholtz Double Layer.- 4.8. Helmholtz Model and the Gibbs Adsorption Equation.- 4.9. Gouy-Chapman Double Layer.- 4.10. Gouy Model and the Gibbs Adsorption Equation.- 4.11. Debye-Huckel Theory and the Gibbs Adsorption Equation.- 4.12. Experimental Values of the Coefficient m.- 4.13. Stern Model of the Double Layer.- 4.14. Gibbs Equations for More Than Two Electrolyte Components.- 4.15. Gibbs Equations for Miscellaneous Types of Experimental Procedures.- 4.16. Surface Excesses for Small Cations and Anions.- 4.17. Coadsorption of Organic Ions.- 4.18. Summary and Comments.- 5: Adsorbed Monolayers and Energies of Adsorption.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Adsorbed and Spread Monolayers.- 5.3. Ideal Equation of State.- 5.4. Neutral Monolayers at the Oil-Water Interface.- 5.5. Surface Pressure and Osmotic Pressure.- 5.6. Binary Solution at the Interfacial Phase.- 5.7. Ionized Monolayers at the Oil-Water Interface.- 5.8. The Electrical Pressure and the Gouy Model.- 5.9. The Discrete-Ion Effect.- 5.10. Counterion Binding.- 5.11. Discussion on the Computation of ?e.- 5.12. Electrical Double Layer and Electrical Free Energy.- 5.13. Equation of State at the Air-Water Interface.- 5.14. Free Energies of Adsorption at the Liquid Interface.- 5.15. Generalized Form of the Surface Equation of State.- 5.16. Summary and Comments.- 6: Spread Monolayer.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. States of Monomolecular Films.- 6.3. Equation of State for Monomolecular Films.- 6.4. Thermodynamics of Spread Monolayers.- 6.5. Surface Activity Coefficient.- 6.6. Protein and Polymer Films.- 6.7. Rigorous Equations of State for Polymer Films.- 6.8. Virial Equation of State for Two-Dimensional Polymer Films.- 6.9. Charged Monolayers of Amphiphiles and Biopolymers.- 6.10. Helmholtz Free Energy for Protein Monolayers.- 6.11. Analysis of Protein Unfolding at Interfaces.- 6.12. Monolayers of Synthetic Polyamino Acids.- 6.13. Monolayers at the Oil-Water Interface.- 6.14. Phase Rule for Two-Dimensional Films.- 6.15. Lipid Phase Transition in Monolayers.- 6.16. Mixed Monolayers.- 6.17. Miscibility in Mixed Monolayers.- 6.18. Lipid-Protein Monolayers (A Membrane Model System).- 6.19. The Insoluble Monolayer and the Gibbs Surface Excess.- 6.20. Summary and Comments.- 7: Wettability and Contact Angles.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Surface Tension of a Solid and the Contact Angle.- 7.3. Molecular Interpretation of Interfacial Tension.- 7.4. Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Tension.- 7.5. Solid-Liquid Contact Angle.- 7.6. Estimation of the Polar Forces at Solid-Liquid Interfaces.- 7.7. Liquid1-Solid-Liquid2 System.- 7.8. Contact Angle Hysteresis.- 7.9. Contact Angles and Heats of Immersion.- 7.10. Role of Polar Solid Surface Tension and Cell Adhesion.- 7.11. Summary and Comments.- 8: Adsorption at Solid-Liquid Interfaces.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Positive and Negative Excesses.- 8.3. Adsorption from a Binary Liquid Mixture by a Rigid Solid.- 8.4. Apparent Excess and the Gibbs Excess.- 8.5. Adsorption Azeotrope and Monolayer Adsorption.- 8.6. Adsorption and Adsorption Isotherm.- 8.7. Surface Activity Coefficient at the Solid-Liquid Interface.- 8.8. Adsorption from Dilute Solution.- 8.9. Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm.- 8.10. Adsorption of Inorganic Ions and Organic Dyes.- 8.11. Adsorption of Ionic Detergents.- 8.12. Adsorption of Nonionic Polymers.- 8.13. Adsorption of Biopolymers at the Solid-Liquid Interface.- 8.14. Standard Free Energy of Adsorption.- 8.15. Surface Heterogeneities.- 8.16. Summary and Comments.- 9: Adsorption of Water Vapor by Biopolymers.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Interaction of Protein with Water Molecules at Low Relative Humidity.- 9.3. Water-Protein Interaction at High Relative Humidity.- 9.4. Water Activity and Protein Hydration.- 9.5. Water-Protein Interaction and Free Energy Change.- 9.6. Interfacial Energy of Biocolloid-Water Interface.- 9.7. One-Phase Model for Protein Gel.- 9.8. Enthalpy Change for Protein Hydration.- 9.9. Water-Protein Interactions in the Presence of Electrolyte and Neutral Solute.- 9.10. Excess Binding.- 9.11. Osmotic Corrections.- 9.12. Free Energy of Excess Binding (Two-Phase Model).- 9.13. Free Energy of Excess Hydration (One-Phase Model).- 9.14. Stability of Protein in Contact with Water.- 9.15. Stability of Protein in Salt Solution.- 9.16. Thermodynamic Aspects of DNA Hydration.- 9.17. Binding of Water and Solute to DNA.- 9.18. Summary and Comments.- 10: Binding Interactions in Biological Systems.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Gibbs-Duhem Equation and Excess Binding.- 10.3. Free Energy Change due to Excess Binding Interaction.- 10.4. The Scatchard Equation.- 10.5. Entropy and Enthalpy Changes due to Excess Binding.- 10.6. DNA-Solute Binding Interaction.- 10.7. Hydrophobic Effect in DNA-Amine Binding Interaction.- 10.8. Histone-DNA Binding Interaction.- 10.9. Protein-Ligand Binding Interaction.- 10.10. Standard Free Energy Change for Protein-Ligand Binding Interaction.- 10.11. Binding of Ligand to Protein-Protein and Fat-Protein Mixtures.- 10.12. Negative Binding of Inorganic Electrolytes to a Protein.- 10.13. Free Energy of Excess Hydration.- 10.14. Evaluation of ?G, ?n1 and ?n2.- 10.15. Standard Free Energy Change for Excess Hydration.- 10.16. Free Energy of Cooperative Binding and Transduction.- 10.17. Protein-Detergent Complexes.- 10.18. Hydrophobic Character of Protein-Detergent Complexes.- 10.19. Summary and Comments.- 11: Miscellaneous Systems.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Colloidal Micelles.- 11.3. Excess Hydration of Powdered Detergents.- 11.4. Adsorption of Inorganic Electrolytes at Solid-Water Interfaces.- 11.5. Gas Adsorption at Solid and Liquid Interfaces.- 11.6. Statistical Models and the Surface Tension.- 11.7. The Electrocapillary System.- 11.8. Size and Stability of Microemulsion.- 11.9. Adsorption and Nonequilibrium States.- 11.10. Protein-Water Interfacial Tension.- 11.11. Pressure Coefficient of Surface Tension.- 11.12. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Author Index.
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