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Table of Contents

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Do Scientists Need Epistemology?.- 1.2 Towards a Philosophy of Applied Science.- 1.3 Management Science and the Philosophy of Applied Science.- 1.4 Conclusion.- 2 Systems Analysis as a Tool of Philosophical Investigation.- 2.1 In Need of an Expanded Analytical Superstructure.- 2.2 The Essence of the Systems Approach.- 2.3 Incorporating and Externalizing Value Judgements.- 2.4 The Method of Neutralizing Systems.- 2.5 Management Science as a System: Normative or Positive?.- 2.6 Reduction of Value Judgements.- 2.7 Institutionalized Facts as Values.- 2.8 Institutions as Systems.- 3 Philosophy and Evolution of Logic from a Systems Point of View.- 3.1 Some Ontological Considerations.- 3.2 On the Nature of Logic.- 3.3 Historical Development of Modern Logic.- 3.4 Some Highlights in the Evolution of Semantics.- 4 Modern Deductive Logic.- 4.1 Sentence Logic or the Theory of Truth Functions.- 4.2 Predicate Logic.- 4.3 Multivalued and Modal Logic.- 4.4 Imperative Arguments and Deontic Modalities.- 5 The Controversy Around Inductive Logic.- 5.1 Essence and Early Evolution of Induction.- 5.2 Modern Views on Induction.- 5.3 Probability and Its Interpretation.- 5.4 Conclusion.- 6 Decision Theory and the Economists’ Methodological Endeavors.- 6.1 An Appraisal of Carnap’s Inductive Logic.- 6.2 Formal Decision Theory and Its Evolution.- 6.3 Information Economics as an Extension of Decision Theory.- 6.4 Episterno-Economics.- 6.5 Other Methodological Explorations by Economists.- 7 Philosophy of Science and the Systems Approach.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Epistemology: The Received View.- 7.3 Reaction and Alternatives.- 7.4 The Systems Approach, Its Criticism, and Its Potential.- 7.5 Systems Approach as a Methodology.- Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, and Indices.- SomeJournals of Philosophy, Applied and Social Sciences.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.