Introduction (Carolina López-Ruiz and Brian R. Doak)
Research Tools (Philip Schmitz)
Birth and Prospects of a Discipline (Nicholas C. Vella)
Part One: Histories
The East
Canaanite Roots and the Proto-Phoenician Period: c. 1300-1000 BCE
(Ann E. Killebrew)
Phoenicia in the Later Iron Age: Tenth Century BCE to the Assyrian
and Babylonian Periods (Guy Bunnens)
Tyre and its Colonial Expansion (María Eugenia Aubet Semmler)
Phoenicia under the Achaemenid Empire (Vadim Jigoulov)
The Hellenistic Period and Hellenization in Phoenicia (Corinne
Bonnet)
Phoenicia in the Roman Empire (Julien Aliquot)
The Archaeology of Phoenician Cities (Hélène Sader)
The West
Early Carthage: From its Foundation to the Battle of Himera (ca.
814-480 BCE) (Hédi Dridi)
Classical-Hellenistic Carthage before the Punic Wars (479-265 BCE)
(Dexter Hoyos)
The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE) (Christopher de Lisle)
Carthage after the Punic Wars and the Neo-Punic Legacy (Matthew
Hobson)
Part Two: Areas of Culture
Language and Literature
The Language (Maria Giulia Amadasi Guzzo)
Inscriptions (Madadh Richey)
The Alphabet and its Legacy (Madadh Richey)
Phoenician Literature (Carolina López-Ruiz )
Religion
Religion (Paolo Xella)
Ritual and the Afterlife (Mireia López-Bertran)
The tophet and Infant Sacrifice (Matthew McCarty)
Material Culture
Pottery and Trade (Francisco J. Núñez)
Art and Iconography (Eric Gubel)
Levantine Art in the Orientalizing Period (Marian Feldman)
Coins (John Betlyon)
Metallurgy and Other Technologies (Philip Andrew Johnston and Brett
Kaufman)
Seafaring and Shipwreck Archaeology (Jeffrey P. Emanuel)
Residential Architecture (Roald Docter)
Agriculture (Carlos Gómez Bellard)
Part Three: Regional Studies and Interactions
The Levant (Gunnar Lehmann)
Cyprus (Sabine Fourrier)
The Aegean (Nikos Stampolidis)
The Italian Peninsula (Jeremy Hayne)
Sardinia (Andrea Roppa)
Sicily (Salvatore de Vincenzo)
Malta and Gozo (Nicholas C. Vella and Maxine Anastasi)
Ibiza (Benjamí Costa)
The Iberian Peninsula (José Luis López Castro)
Phoenicians in Portugal (Ana Margarida Arruda)
The Gadir-Tyre Axis (Manuel Álvarez Martí-Aguilar)
North Africa: from the Atlantic to Algeria (Alfredo Mederos)
Phoenician Exploration (Duane W. Roller)
Part Four: Receptions
Phoenicians in the Hebrew Bible (Brian R. Doak)
Phoenicians and Carthaginians in Classical Literature (Josephine C.
Quinn)
Neo-Phoenician Identities in the Roman Empire (Anthony
Kaldellis)
Phoenicians and Carthaginians in the Western Imagination (Brien
Garnand)
Phoenician Identity in Modern Lebanon (Claude Doumet-Serhal)
Punic Heritage in Tunisia (Kathryn Lafrenz Samuels and Peter van
Dommelen)
Carolina López-Ruiz is Professor at the University of Chicago
Divinity School and Department of Classics. She is the author of
Phoenicians and the Making of the Mediterranean, for which she
received the support of the National Endowment of the Humanities.
Her previous books include Tartessos and the Phoenicians in Iberia,
When the Gods Were Born: Greek Cosmogonies and the Near East, and
Colonial Encounters in Ancient
Iberia: Phoenician, Greek, and Indigenous Relations (co-edited with
M. Dietler). Some of her books have been translated into Turkish
and Spanish.
Brian R. Doak (PhD Harvard University) is Associate Professor of
Biblical Studies and Faculty Fellow in the William Penn Honors
Program at George Fox University, just outside of Portland, Oregon.
He is the recipient of the Aviram Prize for archaeological research
(2012) as well as the George Fox University Undergraduate
Researcher of the Year (2014). He is the author of several books,
including Phoenician Aniconism in its Mediterranean and Ancient
Near Eastern
Contexts (SBL Press, 2015), Heroic Bodies in Ancient Israel (Oxford
University Press, 2018), and the forthcoming Ancient Israel's
Neighbors (Oxford University Press).
An extremely useful compendium, chock-full of the latest
information. Carolina López-Ruiz and Brian R. Doak are to be highly
commended for having pulled together this very handy volume, with
valuable contributions from a stellar array of scholars.
*Eric H. Cline, George Washington University*
Studies of the Phoenician world now have a new entry point and
benchmark, thanks to this magisterial volume. López-Ruiz and Doak
have assembled an all-star cast to distill and communicate current
knowledge of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. This
impressive work covers a host of topics—from the language and
literature of the Phoenicians to their archaeology, society, and
reception in antiquity and in the modern day. This is the single
most useful survey covering the Phoenician influence on the
Mediterranean world on the market today, and it will serve the next
generation of scholars exceptionally well.
*Jeremy M. Hutton, University of Wisconsin-Madison*
Today it is no longer possible to study the ancient Mediterranean
without taking into account the Phoenicians and Carthaginians. For
those who embark on their discovery, this Handbook provides a
wealth of background information, and more. The work brings readers
confidently and comfortably into a world that has never ceased to
arouse aversion, suspicion, and fascination. Ancient and modern
stereotypes are illuminated and contextualized; and the languages,
stories, customs, religions, and artefacts of the Phoenician and
Carthaginian world are made accessible to all through a prism of
the most up-to-date knowledge.
*Véronique Krings, University of Toulouse*
It will be difficult to surpass such [a] comprehensive and detailed
reference work in the next few decades... This [Handbook] has
already become a must-read manual for experts and students because
of the depth and range of its approach and its updated
bibliography. Most chapters not only include the most recent data
but also produce fresh interpretations and paradigms which are
incorporated into the analyses provided....Finally, The Oxford
Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean successfully
breaks away from traditional accounts that placed Phoenician
communities as a 'third party' in the history of the ancient
Mediterranean. For this reason alone, it is a highly recommended
and worthwhile read.
*Francisco Machuca Prieto, Universidad de Málaga*
Lopez-Ruiz and Doak's Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic
Mediterranean must certainly be considered a 'sine qua non' for the
field of Biblical and ancient Near Eastern Studies. It is so very
detailed, current, and broad in scope...focusing not only on the
history of Phoenicia (from the Late Bronze Age to the Roman
Period), but also on Phoenician religion and art, Phoenician
language and culture, Phoenician colonial activities, Phoenician
seafaring and trade, and even the most recent archaeological
fieldwork of all things Phoenician. No serious library can afford
to be without this superb volume.
*Christopher A. Rollston, George Washington University*
With the maturation of social scientific models and more refined
interpretation of historical evidence, López-Ruiz and Doak have
assembled an outstanding collection of essays that cover every
major aspect of the Phoenicians. These 'Sea Peoples' did so much
more than spread the alphabet or provide background for biblical
and classical works. The Phoenicians were, in fact, central players
in the unfolding of Mediterranean history, and this volume finally
gives the field of Phoenician studies the appropriate attention.
This work is an essential reference tool for teachers and scholars
of the ancient Mediterranean world.
*Roger S. Nam, Emory University*
[This] Handbook gives a clear, balanced, and up-to-date overview of
the archaeology and the geopolitical, linguistic, epigraphic, and
religious history of the people known today as the Phoenicians. The
articles cover a wide range of topics that are important for
specialists in the history of the Levant...scholars of the broader
study of the ancient Near East and Mediterranean...[and are] also
accessible to undergraduate and graduate student
audiences....Another important contribution is the attention paid
to the reception history of the Phoenicians in biblical and
classical works. In short, this work is essential to any course on
the ancient history of the Near East, and to any scholar's
library.
*Alice Mandell, Johns Hopkins University*
Marks a significant advancement in the growing discipline of
Phoenician (and Punic) Studies.... The an immense contribution to
Phoenician Studies that will easily facilitate seminars at the
intermediate-to-advanced undergraduate and graduate levels that
would have been extremely difficult to organize at English-speaking
universities beforehand. I have no doubt that it will quickly
become an indispensable tool for both experienced researchers and
younger scholars just beginning to learn about the field.
*Russell J. Clark, Bryn Mawr Classical Review *
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