Table of Contents

Tables Figures Maps Acknowledgments Introduction: Thailand's Sociolinguistic Anomalies Pt. I: Languages of the Nation as a Whole 1: The Languages of Thailand at Home and Abroad 2: Standard Thai: Variations about a Norm 3: Social Dimensions of Standard Thai 4: Multidimensional Varieties: Ranges and Media Pt. II: Major Regional Languages 5: Kammuang (Northern Thai) 6: Lao (Northeastern Thai) 7: Paktay (Southern Thai) and Thaiklang (Central Thai) Pt. III: Marginal Regional Languages 8: Tai Yai (Shan), Sgaw (Karen), Phlow (Karen), plus Non-regional Phlong (Karen) 9: Northern Khmer plus Non-marginal Kuy 10: Pattani Malay Pt. IV: Other Language Categories 11: Development and Displacement of Tai Languages and Dialects 12: Languages of Thai Towns and Cities: Chinese Languages 13: Marginal Languages in the Hierarchy: Mon, Pray, plus Non-marginal Mal 14: Marginal Languages Adapting to the Hierarchy: Hmong (Meo, Miao) 15: Enclave Languages Pt. V: Trans-Language Issues 16: Writing and Education 17: Change and Development 18: Language and Ethnicity 19: Minority Problem as Thai Problem Appendix A: Languages in the Hierarchy Appendix B: Language Population Estimates Appendix C: Symbols Notes References Index