Table of Contents

VOLUME TWO PART V: Mathematics and the Physical World Galileo Galilei: Commentary 1. Mathematics of Motion by GALILEO GALILEI The Bernoullis: Commentary 2. Kinetic Theory of Gases by DANIEL BERNOULLI "A Great Prize, a Long-Suffering Inventor and the First Accurate Clock: Commentary" 3. The Longitude by LLOYD A. BROWN John Couch Adams: Commentary 4. John Couch Adams and the Discovery of Neptune by SIR HAROLD SPENCER JONES H. G. J. Mosley: Commentary 5. Atomic Numbers by H. G. J. MOSLEY The Small Furniture of Earth: Commentary 6. The Rontgen Rays by SIR WILLIAM BRAGG 7. Crystals and the Future of Physics by PHILIPPE LE CORBEILLER "Queen Dido, Soap Bubbles, and a Blind Mathematician: Commentary" 8. What Is Calculus of Variations and What Are Its Applications? By KARL MENGER 9. The Soap-bubble by C. VERNON BOYS 10. Plateau's Problem by RICHARD COURANT and HERBERT ROBBINS The Periodic Law and Mendeleeff: Commentary 11. Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements by DMITRI MENDELEEFF 12. Mendeleeff by BERNARD JAFFE Gregor Mendel: Commentary 13. Mathematics of Heredity by GREGOR MENDEL J. B. S. Haldane: Commentary 14. On Being the Right Size by J. B. S. HALDANE 15. Mathematics of Natural Selection by J. B. S. HALDANCE Erwin Schrodinger: Commentary 16. Heredity and the Quantum Theory by ERWIN SCHRODINGER D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson: Commentary 17. On Magnitude by D'ARCY WENTWORTH THOMPSON Uncertainty: Commentary 18. The Uncertainty Principle by WERNER HEISENBERG 19. Causality and Wave Mechanics by ERWIN SCHRODINGER Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington: Commentary 20. The Constants of Nature by SIR ARTHUR STANLEY EDDINGTON 21. The New Law of Gravitation and the Old Law by SIR ARTHUR STANLEY EDDINGTON Commentary 22. The Theory of Relativity by CLEMENT V. DURELL PART VI: Mathematics and Social Science The Founder of Psychophysics: Commentary 1. Gustav Theodor Fechner by EDWIN G. BORING Sir Francis Galton: Commentary 2. Classification of Men According to Their Natural Gifts by SIR FRANCIS GALTON Thomas Robert Malthus: Commentary 3. Mathematics of Population and Food by THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS "Cournot, Jevons, and the Mathematics of Money: Commentary" 4. Mathematics of Value and Demand by AUGUSTIN COURNOT 5. Theory of Political Economy by WILLIAM STANLEY JEVONS A Distinguished Quaker and War: Commentary 6. Mathematics of War and Foreign Politics by LEWIS FRY RICHARDSON 7. Statistics of Deadly Quarrels by LEWIS FRY RICHARDSON The Social Application of Mathematics: Commentary 8. The Theory of Economic Behavior by LEONID HURWICZ 9. Theory of Games by S. VAJDA 10. Sociology Learns the Language of Mathematics by ABRAHAM KAPLAN PART VII: The Laws of Chance Pierre Simon de Laplace: Commentary 1. Concerning Probability by PIERRE SIMON DE LAPLACE 2. The Red and the Black by CHARLES SANDERS PIERCE 3. The Probability of Induction by CHARLES SANDER PIERCE Lord Keynes: Commentary 4. The Applicant of Probability to Conduct by JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES An Absent-minded Genius and the Laws of Chance: Commentary 1374 5. Chance by HENRI POINCARE Ernest Nagel and the Laws of Probability: Commentary 6. The Meaning of Probability by ERNEST NAGEL INDEX

About the Author

James R. Newman's World of Mathematics James R. Newman (1907-1966) was a rare mathematician who was also a lawyer who held several administrative positions in the United States government during and after World War II, including Chief Intelligence Officer at the US Embassy in London. His mammoth four-volume World of Mathematics was first published in 1956 and reprinted by Dover in 2000. It represented the culmination of a fifteen-year effort by Newman, in his later years as a member of the Editorial Board of Scientific American, to assemble in one publication what he considered the most important essays in the field. It's the book that has introduced generations of students to the range and extent of mathematical literature. In the Author's Own Words: "The Theory of Groups is a branch of mathematics in which one does something to something and then compares the result with the result obtained from doing the same thing to something else, or something else to the same thing." "The discovery in 1846 of the planet Neptune was a dramatic and spectacular achievement of mathematical astronomy. The very existence of this new member of the solar system, and its exact location, were demonstrated with pencil and paper; there was left to observers only the routine task of pointing their telescopes at the spot the mathematicians had marked." - James R. Newman Critical Acclaim for The World of Mathematics: "Others with bigger and now whetted appetites will no doubt regard this book as a generous hors d'oeuvre and obtain additional fare by pursuing the numerous recommendations made by the author." - Morris Kline, New York Herald Tribune Book Review "Promises to be the most frequently used reference book on mathematics, as well as a delight to readers with a wide range of backgrounds." - J.G. Kemeny, The New York Times