Table of Contents

PrefaceSection I Attacks against Air Traffic Chapter 1 The Hijacking Threat Evolution of "Skyjacking" Motivation of Hijackers Government Response Other Suggestions Psychological Profile of the Hijacker Sky Marshal Program Airport and Airline Security Proposals New Carrier Rules New Airport Rules The Last Straw The End Begins Problems of Implementation Training Law Enforcement Officers Funding Growing Pains Ah- Carrier Standard Security Program (ACSSP)Chapter 2 Terrorism Who are the Terrorists? The Innocent Victim International Cooperation among Terrorist Groups Surrogate Warfare Combating Terrorism Finances Where are We Now?Chapter 3 Terrorism Counteraction New Strength in U.S. Law International Law What is an Attempt? Foreign Airport Security What is Reasonable Security for a U.S. Airport? El Al SecurityChapter 4 Pan Am Responsibility The Explosive Dissemination of Threat Warnings The Helsinki Threat Public Notification of Threats Passenger/Baggage Reconciliation Other Issues Recommendations of the President's Commission Aviation Security Improvement Act of 1990Section II Aircraft Security Chapter 5 Predeparture Screening Sterile Concourse Sterile Boarding area Departure Gate Screening Screening Checkpoint Enhancements The Law Enforcement Officer Screening Passengers Body Search Special Situations Screening Airport and Airline Employees Screening Diplomats Screening Carry-On Luggage Thefts at the Checkpoint Undetected Weapons Physical Inspection of Carry-On Luggage X-Ray Inspection of Carry-On Luggage Discovery of Contraband during Screening Special Search Situations Contract Security Selection and Training Alternative Security Concept Human Factors in Security Screening Testing and Enforcement Heightened Security Chapter 7 Screening and the Law Search and Seizure The Legal Authority of Private Persons to Search Police Participation Inevitable Discovery Exception to the Exclusionary Rule Who is a Law Enforcement Officer? Legality of Airport Screening Searches Passenger's Right to Terminate the Search Process Failure to Clear Metal Detector Contraband Chapter 7 Metal Detectors, X-Ray Inspection, and Explosives Detection Metal Detectors Metal Detectors and Computers X-Ray Inspection Units Detection of Explosives by X-Ray X-Ray Safety X-Ray and Photographic Film X-Ray and Magnetic Tape X-Ray and Computers Plastic Guns Explosives Detection Systems Taggants Chapter 8 Weapons, Prisoners, and Restricted Articles Weapons Persons Authorized to Carry Weapons during Flight Armed Police Officers in the Sterile Concourse Carriage of Prisoners Aliens Restricted Materials Chapter 9 Baggage, Cargo, and Exempt Flights Passenger/Baggage Reconciliation Explosives and Screening Screening Cargo Screening Mail Indirect Air Carriers Drug Smuggling Charter Flight Security Maintaining the Security Level Chapter 10 Bomb Threat Response Handling the Bomb Threat Bomb Threat Search Procedures Use of Search DogsSection III Airport Security Chapter 11 Perimeter Security and Lighting Posting Fencing Exterior Alarm Sensors Lighting Financial Limits Chapter 12 Identification for Security Access Control Cards Personal Identification and Verification-Biometrics Photo Identification Badges Video Badges Badging of Visitors and Contract Employees Lost Badges Enforcement of Identification Program U.S. Customs Badging Vehicle Identification and Marking Chapter 13 Terminal and Ramp Security Keys Locks Electric Locks Systems Alarm System Sensors Security of Parked Aircraft Chapter 14 Law Enforcement, Communications, and Contingency Planning Law Enforcement Function at Airports Jurisdictional Problems Airport Communications Emergency Power Bomb Threat Contingency Planning Chapter 15 General Aviation Security Corporate Aircraft In-Transit Ramp Security Aircraft and Avionics Thefts Drug Smuggling HijackingSection IV Airline Security Chapter 16 Investigation Management Objectives of an Investigation Credit and Criminal Checks Cellular and Cordless Phones Employee Privacy in the Information Age Searches Interviews and Interrogations Recording Interviews Truth Verification Devices Integrity Tests Prosecution Restitution Drugs in the Workplace Drug Testing Alcohol The Future Chapter 17 Ticket Fraud Ticket Thefts Use of Stolen Tickets Ticket Consolidators Frequent Flyer Tickets Overbooking and Denied Boarding Compensation Unreported Ticket Sales Counterfeit Tickets Altered Tickets Miscellaneous Charges Orders (MCOs) Ticket-By-Mail (TBM) Fraud Prepaid Ticket Advice (PTA) Fraud Refund Fraud Prosecution and Legislation Chapter 18 Ticket Stock Security Printing Plant Security Liability Agreement Ticket Warehouses and Distribution Centers City Ticket Offices Control of Inventory Exposure Automated Ticket and Boarding Pass Airport Ticket Counters Travel Agencies Satellite Ticket Printers Document Security Resolution Chapter 19 Credit Card Fraud Stolen and Altered Credit Cards Credit Card Fraud Act of 1984 Preventive Measures Card Embossing and Mailing Security Chapter 20 Baggage Handling and Security Check-In Baggage Handling Damaged Bags Theft Deterrence Identifying Baggage Thieves Baggage Claim Baggage Liability Baggage Claims Investigation Disposition of Unclaimed Baggage Chapter 21 Misappropriation Flight Kitchens and Commissaries In-Flight Sales Liquor Tickets Headset Rentals Theft of Airline Property The Dishonest FewSection V Air Freight Security Chapter 22 Air Cargo Security Problems Growth of Cargo Carriage What Cargo Goes by Air? Inherent Security Problems Emergence of Cargo Theft Problems Government Response Primary Prevention Chapter 23 Physical Security of the Freight Terminal Employee Parking Dock Security Terminal Access Gate Houses Security Review of New Construction Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) Guard Force Operations Conclusion Chapter 24 Security Procedures for Air Cargo Handling Accountability Deterrents to Pilferage by Count Truck Seals Collusion Fraudulent Pickups Protection of Documentation Containerization and Security Packaging Damaged Cartons Carrier Transfer Vehicle Supervision Container Seals Rough Handling and Delay Chapter 25 High-Value Shipments Articles of Extraordinary Value Attractive Merchandise High-Value Security Cage Chapter 26 The "People Factor" in Cargo Theft Personnel Screening Procedures for New Employees Promotion on Seniority Supervision Chapter 27 A Management Approach to Cargo Security Selling Cargo Security to Management Selling by the Numbers Avoiding the Loss Opportunity Retaining Management Support Chapter 28 Cargo Theft Investigation Six Serving Men Who is Stealing Air Cargo? Where are the Thefts Taking Place? How is it being Stolen? Information and Intelligence What is Being Stolen? Why are Employees Stealing When Do the Thefts Occur? Security Surveys Assigning Responsibility Chapter 29 Control by Audit and Survey Guidelines for Security Inspection of Air Freight Terminals Security AwarenessAppendix Significant IncidentsIndex