Table of Contents

List of Illustrations viiPreface ixAcknowledgments xix PART ONE: THEY CAME BEFORE1 They Came Before 12 The Early Years in Indian Territory 163 Allotment Comes 284 The Spirits Come 515 "They Were All around Us" 80 PART TWO: BECOMING PAWNEE6 Becoming Pawnee 1177 Childhood in Pawnee 1398 The Old and the New 1529 The Truths 179 APPENDIX ABlaine Genealogy Chart 215 APPENDIX BPawnee Indian Guardianship Record 216 Notes 225Bibliography 259Index 267

About the Author

Martha Royce Blaine is a former archivist of the Oklahoma Historical Society. She is the author of The Ioway Indians; The Pawnees: A Critical Bibliography; and Pawnee Passage, 1870–1875.