Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xi
A Note on Style xiii
Introduction 1
I The Search for "Lo Mexicano"
Introduction 9
The Mexican Character / Joel Poinsett 11
The Cosmic Race / José Vasconcelos 15
The Sons of La Malinche / Octavio Paz 20
The Problem of National Culture / Guillermo Bonfil Batalla 28
Does It Mean Anything to Be Mexican? / Roger Bartra 33
Mexico City 1992 / Alma Guillermoprieto 41
Two Ranchera Songs / José Alfredo Jiménez and Cuco Sánchez 53
II Ancient Civilizations
Introduction 55
The Origins of the Aztecs / Anonymous 57
The Cost of Courage in Aztec Society / Inga Clendinnen 61
Popol Vuh / Anonymous 79
The Meaning of Maize for the Maya / J. Eric Thompson 86
Omens Foretelling the Conquest / Anonymous 92
III Conquest and Colony
Inroduction 95
The Spaniards’ Entry into Tenochtitlán / Bernal Díaz del Castillo and Hernán Cortés 97
Cortés and Montezuma / J.H. Eliott 105
The Battles of Tenochtitlán and Tlateloclo / Anonymous 109
The Spiritual Conquest, Fray Jerónimo de Mendieta 114
Why the Indians Are Dying / Alonso de Zorita 122
The Colonial Latifundio / Enrique Florescano 131
A Baroque Archbishop-Viceroy / Irving Leonard 141
On Men's Hypocrisy / Sor Juana 156
The Itching Parrot, the Priest, and the Subdelegate / José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi 160
IV Trials of the Young Republic
Introduction 169
The Siege of Guanajuato / Lucas Alamán 171
Sentiments of the Nation / José María Morelos 189
Plan of Iguala / Agustín de Iturbide 192
Women and War in Mexico / Frances Calderón de la Barca 196
The Glorious Revolution of 1844 / Guillermo Prieto 206
Décimas Dedicated to Santa Anna’s Leg / Anonymous 213
War and Finance, Mexican Style / Juan Bautista Morales 217
A Conservative Procession of Faith / The Editors of El Tiempo 220
Considerations Relating to the Political and Social Situation / Mariana Otero 226
Liberals and the Land / Luis Gonzáles y Gonzáles 239
Standard Plots and Rural Resistance / Raymond B. Craib 252
Offer to the Crown to Maximilian / Junta of Conservative Notables 263
A Letter from Mexico / Empress Carlotta 265
The Triumph of the Republic / Benito Juárez 270
Pofirio Díaz Visits Yucatán / Channing Arnold and Frederick J. Tabor Frost 273
Scenes from a Lumber Camp / B. Traven 279
President Díaz, Hero of the Americas / James Creelman 285
Gift of the Skeletons / Anonymous 292
Special Section
Mexican History in Photographs / John Mraz 297
V Revolution
Introduction 333
Land and Liberty / Ricardo Flores Magón 339
The Restoration of the Ejido / Luis Cabrera 344
Zapatistas in the Palace / Martín Luis Guzmán 351
Mexico Has Been Turned into a Hell / William O. Jenkins 357
Pancho Villa / John Reed 364
La Punitiva / Anonymous 372
Pedro Martinez / Oscar Lewis 375
Juan the Chamula / Ricardo Pozas 387
The Constitution of 1917: Articles 27 and 123 398
An Agrarian Encounter / Rosalie Evans 403
Ode to Cuanhtémoc / Carlos Pellicer 406
The Socialist ABC's / Anonymous 411
The Ballad of Valentin of the Sierra / Anonymous 418
Mexico Must Become a Nation of Institutions and Laws / Plutarco Elias Calles 421
The Formation of the Single-Party state / Carlos Fuentes 426
The Rough and Tumble Career of Pedro Crespo / Gilbert M. Joseph and Allen Wells 428
A Convention in Zacapu / Salvador Lemus Fernandez 439
The Agrarian Reform in La Laguna / Fernando Benitez 445
The Oil Expropriation / Josephus Daniels 452
Cardenas and the Masses / Arturo Anguiano 456
VI The Perils of Modernity
Introduction 461
They Gave Us the Land / Juan Rulfo 465
Mexico's Crisis / Daniel Cosio Villegas 470
Struggles of a Campesino Leader / Ruben Jaramillo 482
Art and Corruption / David Alfaro Siqueiros 492
The Two faces of Acapulco during the Golden Age / Andrew Sackett 500
Mexico / Sid Tepper and Roy C. Bennett 511
The Dark Deeds of "El Negro" Durazo / José González G. 512
The Sinking City / Joel Simon 520
Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl / Roberto Vallarino 536
Modesta Gomez / Rosario Castellanos 545
VII From the Ruins
Introduction 553
The Student Movement of 1968 / Elena Poniatowska 555
El Santo's Strange Career / Anne Rubenstein 570
After the Earthquake / Victims' Coordinating Council 579
Letters to Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas / Anonymous 591
Corazón del Rocanrol / Rubén Martínez 598
I Don't Believe Them at All / Maldita Vecindad y los Hijos del Quinto Patio 612
The COCEI of Juchitan, Oaxaca: Two Documents / Leopoldo de Gyves de la Cruz and COCEI 619
Women of Juchitan / Jeffrey W. Rubin 625
EZLN Demands at the Dialogue Table / Zapatista Army of National Liberation 638
The Long Journey from Despair to Hope / Subcomandante Marcos 646
A Tzotzil Chronicle / Marian Peres Tsu 655
Debtors' Revenge / Heather Williams 670
Mexicans Would Not Be Bought, Coerced / Wayne A. Cornelius 684
VIII The Border and Beyond
Introduction 687
Plan of San Diego / Anonymous 689
The Mexican Connection / Rudolfo Acuña 692
The Maquiladoras / William Langewiesche 698
Dompe Days / Luis Alberto Urrea 708
Pedro P., Coyote / Judith Adler Hellman 717
There's a Party Going On in Texas / Anonymous 728
Two Poems about Immigrant Life / Pat Mora and Gina Valdes 731
The Deadly Harvest of the Sierra Madre / Alan Weisman 734
Two Songs about Drug Smuggling / Salomé Guitérrez and Paulino Vargas 747
The New World Border / Guillermo Gómez-Peña 750
Suggestions for Further Reading 757
Acknowledgment of Copyrights 763
Index 773

Promotional Information

An interdisciplinary anthology that includes many primary resources never before published in English.

About the Author

Gilbert M. Joseph is Farnam Professor of History and Director of Latin American and Iberian Studies at Yale University. He is coeditor of Everyday Forms of State Formation: Revolution and the Negotiation of Rule in Modern Mexico and Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S.–Latin American Relations (both published by Duke University Press).

Timothy J. Henderson is Associate Professor of History at Auburn University Montgomery. He is the author of The Worm in the Wheat: Rosalie Evans and Agrarian Struggle in the Puebla-Tlaxcala Valley of Mexico, 1908–1927 (also published by Duke University Press).

Reviews

" ... gripping reading that mostly fulfills its goal of representing Mexico's diversity across time and space"--Jrnl of Latin American Studies, February 2005 "Anyone who has a keen interest in Mexico--in delving deep into the country's rich history and culture before going there--would be fascinated by this book."--June Sawyers, Chicago Tribune "[A] careful selection of articles and texts that cover a wide variety of subjects... Originally written in Spanish, these texts have been masterfully translated into English... [T]he collection can be understood as a survey of intellectual culture in Mexico from a historical perspective, allowing readers to understand how Mexican reality has been conformed, transformed, and adapted. Recommended."--M. R. Lara, Choice "[A]n exciting, comprehensive, truly superior collection of Mexican literature... In all of my reading about Mexico--and I have read extensively the old and the new--I have never experienced a better and more thorough collection of works about this mysterious and marvelous country."--Wayne Greenhaw, Southern Scribe Reviews "There is an impressive, even passionate, commitment to excavating the embedded cultural, political, and economic reference points that arguably constitute something called a Mexican nationalist imaginary. At the same time, the editors have methodologically sought out the contradictions of that imaginary, offering both official, and many unofficial, voices. The result simultaneously exposes and subverts the nation's foundational fictions... [I]mpressive."--Eric Zolov, Hispanic American Historical Review "This is certainly a stimulating and informative compilation."--British Bulletin of Publications "Teachers will find a tremendous wealth of material in this new anthology, allowing them to choose selections supporting a wide range of historical approaches, and at a surprisingly affordable price. This volume is weighted toward political history, but intriguing women and workers also rise up from the pages, making this a valuable resource for undergraduate surveys and a fascinating read for anyone interested in Mexico... [T]his volume will make a thought provoking read for undergraduate students, for vacationers on the beach in Acapulco, or--a professor's spring break fantasy--both."--Jeffrey M. Pilcher, The Americas "This anthology is obviously destined for classroom use and appears to be suitable for supplemental textbook assignments for both survey and two-part courses in Mexican history."--Colonial Latin American Historical Review "Three layers of introductions-for the volume, for each section and for each text-provide necessary contextual information, while highlighting emerging themes. Thanks in part to these excellent introductions, students and teachers of Mexico will find that this volume could supplant textbook histories, while giving students access to hundreds of pages of primary sources, well-chosen images and two photo-essays."--Patience A. Schnell, Journal of Latin American Studies "The volume's main virtue ... is that it enables the non-Spanish-speaking reader to actually access a number of arguably key Mexican texts that cannot be obtained elsewhere in translation."--Will Fowler, Bulletin of Latin American Research Abstract in Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education. Also reviewed in the Oregonian. Listed in Publisher's Weekly, Hemispheres, and Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos.