About the Author

Wiesław Wacławczyk is Associate Professor of Political Science at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland. He also lectures at the Lazarski University in Warsaw, Poland, where he has conducted courses validated by two British universities, namely the University of Wales and Coventry University.Adam Jarosz is Assistant Professor at the University of Zielona Góra, Poland, as well as the Scientific Secretary of the Copernicus Graduate School, Poland. His scientific interests concentrate on local governments with a focus on cities, governance, and social participation at the local level. He also studies border regions, German history and current issues, German-Polish relations, and systemic transformation after 1989, as well as the position of the president in the Polish political system.