Table of Contents

I. Introduction.- 1. Origin, Scope, and Plan of this Book.- II. The Beginnings.- 2. X-rays.- 2.1. Physics at the Time of Rontgen's Discovery of X-rays.- 2.2. Rontgen's Discovery.- 2.3. Progress in the Knowledge of X-rays up to 1912.- 3. Crystallography.- 3.1. Descriptive Crystallography.- 3.2. Symmetry.- 3.3. Theories of Crystal Structure.- 4. Laue's Discovery of X-ray Diffraction by Crystals.- 4.1. Physics and Crystallography at the University of Munich in 1912.- 4.2. Ewald's Thesis.- 4.3. Laue's Intuition.- 4.4. The Experimental Verification.- 4.5. The Publication of the Work.- 5. The Immediate Sequels to Laue's Discovery.- 5.1. W. H. Bragg and, his Studies of Ionization by Gamma and X-rays.- 5.2. W. L. Bragg and the Origin of Crystal Structure Analysis; X-ray Spectroscopy.- 5.3. C. G. Darwin's Work.- 5.4. Early Work in Other Countries.- III. The Tools.- 6. The Principles of X-ray Diffraction.- 6.1. X-ray Reflection according to W. L. Bragg.- 6.2. X-ray Diffraction according to Laue.- 6.3. Fourier Space.- 7. Methods and Problems of Crystal Structure Analysis.- 7.1. Various Forms of the Problem.- 7.2. The Algebraic Structure Determination.- 7.3. The Analytical Structure Determination.- 7.4. Methods of Phase Determination.- 7.5. The Patterson Method.- 7.6. The Mathematical and Instrumental Approach to Structure Determination.- IV. The Growing Field.- 8. The Growing Power of X-ray Analysis.- 9. Problems of Inorganic Structures.- 9.1. Simple Inorganic Structures.- 9.2. Inorganic Complexes.- 9.3. Inorganic Molecular Crystals.- 9.4. Metals and Other Crystals involving Metal-metal Bonds.- 9.5. Other Problems.- 10. Problems of Organic Structures.- 11. The Growing Field of Mineral Structures.- 11.1. General Remarks.- 11.2. Highlights of Structure Determination.- 11.3. Point Defect.- 11.4. Feldspars.- 11.5. One-dimensional Disorder (Stacking Faults) and Polytypism.- 11.6. What is a Mineral? What is a Crystal?.- 11.7. Concluding Remarks.- 12. Applications of X-ray Diffraction to Metallurgical Science.- 13. Problems of Biochemical Structures.- 14. X-ray Diffraction and its Impact on Physics.- 14.1. Introduction.- 14.2. Early Ideas.- 14.3. Importance of the Ionization Spectrometer.- 14.4. Structure of the Atom.- 14.5. Structure of the Nucleus.- 14.6. The Nature of Radiation.- 14.7. X-ray Absorption and Related Phenomena.- 14.8. Crystal Dynamics.- 14.9. Crystal Texture.- 14.10. Ferroelectricity.- 14.11. Fluorescence; Electrical and Thermal Conductivity.- 14.12. Atomic and Ionic Radii.- 14.13. Magnetic Properties of Crystals.- 14.14. Electrical Properties of Crystals.- 14.15. Optical Properties of Crystals; Absolute Configuration.- 14.16. Thermo-optical Properties.- 15. Dynamical X-ray Optics; Electron and Neutron Diffraction.- 15.1. Inadequacy of the Kinematical Theory.- 15.2. Darwin's Theory.- 15.3. Ewald's Dynamical Theory (1917).- 15.4. Laue's Form of the Dynamical Theory.- 15.5. One and Two Rays in the Dynamical Theory.- 15.6. Some Applications of the Dynamical Theory.- 15.7. Electron and Neutron Diffraction.- 16. X-ray Spectroscopy.- 16.1. Early History.- 16.2. The Advent of the Diffraction X-ray Spectroscopy.- 16.3. X-ray Spectra and Atomic Structure.- 16.4. Development of X-ray Spectroscopy.- 16.5. Emission and Absorption Processes.- 16.6. The Electronic Shells of the Atom.- 16.7. X-ray Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool.- 16.8. General Conclusions.- V. In Memoriam.- Autobiography.- William Henry Bragg.- Shoji Nishikawa.- Charles Mauguin.- E. S. Fedorov.- Artur Schoenflies.- William Thomas Astbury.- Carl H. Hermann.- Gosta Phragmen.- Victor Moritz Goldschmidt.- Christen Johannes Finbak.- Paul Knipping.- Memorial Tablets.- VI. Schools and Regional Development.- 17. British and Commonwealth Schools of Crystallography.- 17.1. General Survey.- 17.2. Crystallography in Britain during and after World War II.- 17.3. Post-war Commonwealth Development.- 17.4. Research in Non-industrial Laboratories outside the Universities and the Royal Institution.- 17.5. Crystallography in British Industrial Laboratories.- 17.6. Early Work at University College, London, 1915-1923.- 17.7. Crystallography at the Royal Institution.- 17.8. Early Work on Crystal Structure at Manchester.- 18. The Development of X-ray Diffraction in U.S.A..- 18.1. The Years before 1940.- 18.2. From the Beginning of World War II to 1961.- 19. The New Crystallography in France.- 19.1. The Period before August 1914.- 19.2. The Period 1918-1950.- 20. Germany.- 21. The Netherlands.- 22. Scandinavia.- 23. Japan.- 24. Schools of X-ray Structural Analysis in the Soviet Union.- 25. The World-wide Spread of X-ray Diffraction Methods.- VII. Personal Reminiscences.- Some Personal Reminiscences.- Development of X-ray Crystallography Research in India.- Personal Reminiscences.- My Time at the Royal Institution 1923-27.- Reminiscences.- Personal Reminiscences.- Personal Reminiscences.- Personal Reminiscences.- The Genesis and Beginnings of X-ray Crystallography at Caltech.- Moseley's Determination of Atomic Numbers.- For auld lang syne.- Personal Reminiscences.- Personal Reminiscences.- Personal Reminiscences.- Autobiography.- Personal Reminiscences.- Personal Reminiscences.- Reminiscences.- Recollections of Dahlem and Ludwigshafen.- Personal Reminiscences.- Experiences in Crystallography-1924 to Date.- Early Work on X-ray Diffraction in the California Institute of Technology.- My Time with X-rays and Crystals.- Personal Reminiscences.- Personal Reminiscences.- Autobiographical Data and Personal Reminiscences.- Personal Reminiscences.- Some Personal Reminiscences.- Personal Reminiscences.- Personal Recollections.- My Part in X-ray Statistics.- Personal Experiences of a Crystallographer.- Personal Reminiscences.- Reminiscences.- VIII. The Consolidation of the New Crystallography.- Appendix: Biographical Notes on Authors.