About the Author

Philip S. Klein is the author or co-author of seven books including President James Buchanan: A Biography (1995) and Pennsylvania Politics, 1817–1832 : A Game without Rules (1940). A member of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Dr. Klein is professor emeritus of American History at Penn State.

Ari Hoogenboom, Professor of History at Brooklyn College, is the author or co-author of seven books including Outlawing the Spoils: A History of the Civil Service Reform Movement (1982) and The Enterprising Colonials: Society on the Eve of the Revolution (1945).