Table of Contents

1. Biology and the Tree of Life I. THE MOLECULES OF LIFE2. Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life 3. Protein Structure and Function 4. Nucleic Acids and the RNA World 5. An Introduction to Carbohydrates 6. Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells II. CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION7. Inside the Cell 8. Cell-Cell Interactions 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 10. Photosynthesis 11. The Cell Cycle III. GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION12. Meiosis 13. Mendel and the Gene 14. DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15. How Genes Work 16. Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation 17. Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria 18. Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 19. Analyzing and Engineering Genes20. Genomics IV. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY21. Principles of Development 22. An Introduction to Animal Development 23. An Introduction to Plant Development V. EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES AND PATTERNS24. Evolution by Natural Selection 25. Evolutionary Processes26. Speciation 27. Phylogenies and the History of Life VI. THE DIVERSIFICATION OF LIFE28. Bacteria and Archaea29. Protists 30. Green Algae and Land Plants31. Fungi32. An Introduction to Animals33. Protostome Animals34. Deuterostome Animals 35. Viruses VII. HOW PLANTS WORK36. Plant Form and Function 37. Water and Sugar Transport in Plants 38. Plant Nutrition 39. Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses40. Plant Reproduction VIII. HOW ANIMALS WORK41. Animal Form and Function 42. Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals 43. Animal Nutrition 44. Gas Exchange and Circulation45. Electrical Signals in Animals 46. Animal Sensory Systems and Movement 47. Chemical Signals in Animals 48. Animal Reproduction 49. The Immune System in Animals IX. ECOLOGY50. An Introduction to Ecology 51. Behavioral Ecology 52. Population Ecology 53. Community Ecology 54. Ecosystems 55. Biodiversity and Conservation