Table of Contents

JOEL FEINBERG (1926?2004): IN MEMORIAM PREFACE PART ONE: REASON AND RELIGIOUS BELIEF. THE EXISTENCE AND NATURE OF GOD. Anselm of Canterbury, The Ontological Argument, from Proslogion. Gaunilo of MAarmoutiers, On Behalf of the Fool. William L. Rowe, The Ontological Argument . Saint Thomas Aquinas, The Five Ways, from Summa Theologica. Samuel Clarke, A Modern Formulation of the Cosmological Argument. William L. Rowe, The Cosmological Argument. William Paley, The Argument from Design. David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. THE PROBLEM OF EVIL. Fyodor Dostoevsky, Rebellion. J. L. Mackie, Evil and Omnipotence. George Schlesinger, The Problem of Evil and the Problem of Suffering. Richard Swinburne, Why God Allows Evil. B. C. Johnson, God and the Problem of Evil. REASON AND FAITH. W. K. Clifford, The Ethics of Belief. William James, The Will to Believe. Kelly James Clark, Without Evidence or Argument. Blaise Pascal, The Wager. Simon Blackburn, Miracles and Testimony. PART TWO: HUMAN KNOWLEDGE: ITS GROUNDS AND LIMITS. SKEPTICISM. John Pollock, A Brain in a Vat. Peter Unger, An Argument for Skepticism. Roderick M. Chisholm, The Problem of the Criterion. OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXTERNAL WORLD. Bertrand Russell, Appearance and Reality and the Existence of Matter. Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy. John Locke, The Causal Theory of Perception. George Berkeley, Of the Principles of Human Knowledge. Thomas Reid, Of the Existence of a Material World. G. E. Moore, Proof of an External World. THE METHODS OF SCIENCE. David Hume, An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Wesley C. Salmon, An Encounter with David Hume. Karl Popper, Science: Conjectures and Refutations. Philip Kitcher, Believing Where We Cannot Prove. PART THREE: MIND AND ITS PLACE IN NATURE. Brie Gertler, In Defense of Mind?Body Dualism. Frank Jackson, The Qualia Problem. Peter Carruthers, The Mind Is the Brain. Paul M. Churchland, Behaviorism, Materialism and Functionalism. CAN NON-HUMANS THINK? Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence. John R. Searle, Minds, Brains, and Programs. William G. Lycan, Robots and Minds. Peter Carruthers, Brute Experience. John Searle, Animal Minds. PERSONAL IDENTITY AND THE SURVIVAL OF DEATH 365 John Locke, The Prince and the Cobbler. Thomas Reid, Of Mr. Locke?s Account of Our Personal Identity. David Hume, The Self. Derek Parfit, Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons. Daniel C. Dennett, Where Am I? John Perry, A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality. PART FOUR: DETERMINISM, FREE WILL, AND RESPONSIBILITY. COMPATIBILISM: THE CASE FOR DETERMINISM AND ITS COMPATIBILITY WITH THE MOST IMPORTANT SENSE OF FREE WILL. A. J. Ayer, Freedom and Necessity. Walter T. Stace, The Problem of Free Will. John Martin Fischer, My Compatibilism. LIBERTARIANISM: THE CASE FOR FREE WILL AND ITS INCOMPATIBILITY WITH DETERMINISM. Roderick M. Chisholm, Human Freedom and the Self. Robert Kane, Free Will: Ancient Dispute, New Themes. HARD DETERMINISM: THE CASE FOR DETERMINISM AND ITS INCOMPATIBILITY WITH ANY IMPORTANT SENSE OF FREE WILL. Paul Holbach, The Illusion of Free Will. Derk Pereboom, Why We Have No Free Will and Can Live Without It. FREEDOM AND MORAL RESPONSIBILITY. James Rachels, The Debate over Free Will. Harry Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility. Thomas Nagel, Moral Luck. Susan Wolf, Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility. PART FIVE: MORALITY AND ITS CRITICS CHALLENGES TO MORALITY. Joel Feinberg, Psychological Egoism. James Rachels, Ethical Egoism. Plato, The Immoralist?s Challenge. Friedrich Nietzsche, Master and Slave Morality. PROPOSED STANDARDS OF RIGHT CONDUCT. Russ Shafer-Landau, Ethical Subjectivism. Mary Midgley, Trying Out One?s New Sword. Aristotle, The Nature of Virtue, from Nicomachean Ethics. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan. John Rawls, Justice as Fairness. Philip L. Quinn, God and Morality. Immanuel Kant, The Good Will & The Categorical Imperative. John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism. W. D. Ross, What Makes Right Acts Right? ETHICAL PROBLEMS. Plato, Crito. Martha Nussbaum, Judging Other Cultures: The Case of Genital Mutilation. Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality. Onora O?Neill, Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems. John Harris, The Survival Lottery. James Rachels, Active and Passive Euthanasia. Peter Singer, All Animals Are Equal. GLOSSARY.