Table of Contents

Preface; Acknowledgements; An introduction to the study of thinking; Part I. Problem Solving: 1. Introduction: Wertheimer's seminars revisited: diagnostic testing for understanding of structure A. S. Luchins and E. H. Luchins; 2. Mental calculation M. L. Hunter; 3. On the analysis of human problem solving protocols A. Newell; 4. Formalisms for knowledge T. Winograd; Part II. Deduction: 5. Introduction: constructing spatial images: a strategy in reasoning J. Huttenlocher; 6. Linguistic processes in deductive reasoning H. H. Clark; 7. Self-contradictions P. C. Wason; 8. Reasoning with quantifiers P. N. Johnson-Laird; 9. A theoretical analysis of insight into a reasoning task P. N. Johnson-Laird and P. C. Wason; 10. Intellectual evolution from adolescence to childhood J. Piaget; Part III. Conceptual Thinking: 11. Classification: purposes, principles, progress, prospects R. R. Sokal; 12. Learning to identify toy block structures P. H. Winston; 13. Classification of real-world objects: origins and representations in cognition E. Rosch; 14. Some evidence for the cognitive primacy of categorization and its functional basis K. Nelson; 15. The acquisition of word meaning: an investigation of some current conflicts M. Bowerman; Part IV. Hypotheses: 16. Introduction: on hypotheses K. R. Popper; 17. A function for thought experiments T. S. Kuhn; 18. 'If you want to get ahead, get a theory' A. Karmiloff-Smith and B. Inhelder; 19. 'On the failure to eliminate hypotheses …' - a second look P. C. Wason; 20. Confirmation bias in a simulated research environment: an experimental study of scientific inference C. R. Mynatt, M. E. Doherty and R. D. Tweney; 21. Judgement under uncertainty: heruristics and biases A. Tversky and D. Kahneman; Part V. Inference and Comprehension: 22. Introduction: frame-system theory M. Minsky 23. A sketch of a cognitive approach to comprehension: some thoughts about understanding what it means to comprehend J. D. Bransford and N. S. McCarrell; 24. Practical and lexical knowledge G. A. Miller; 25. Bridging H. H. Clark; 26. Scripts, plans, and knowledge R. C. Schank and R. P. Abelson; Part VI. Language, Culture, and Thinking: 27. Introduction: likeness and likelihood in everyday thought: magical thinking and everyday judgements about personality R. A. Shweder; 28. An ethnographic psychology of cognition M. Cole; 29. Modes of thinking and ways of speaking: culture and logic reconsidered S. Scribner; 30. Linguistic relativity E. Rosch; Part VII. Imagery and Internal Representation: 31. Introduction: mental rotation of three-dimensional objects R. N. Shepard and J. Metzler; 32. Inference, navigation and cognitive maps K. G. Oatley; 33. Perception in game playing: internal representation and scanning of board positions M. Eisenstadt and Y. Kareev; 34. Some necessary conditions for a master chess program H. J. Berliner; Bibliography (and citation index).

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This is a volume about the scientific study of thinking: its possibility, its part state and its future prospects.