Illustrations Tables Introduction: The "Public" in Public Housing Public Housing as an American Problem Housing the Public Neighbor Public Housing in Boston PART I: THE PREHISTORY OF PUBLIC HOUSING 1. Coping with the Poor: Techniques and Institutions The Moral Geography of Puritan Space New Institutions for Indoor Relief Tenement Reform Settlement Houses Ideal Tenement Districts 2. Rewarding Upward Mobility: Public Lands, Private Houses, and New Communities Frontier Individualism on Public Lands Homesteads in the Boston Suburbs Residential Districts Communities by Design Public Neighborhoods without Public Neighbors PART II: PUBLIC HOUSING IN BOSTON 3. Building Selective Collectives, 1934-1954 Boston's Selective Collectives Public Works and Private Markets Public Housing as Slum Reform Public Housing as War Production (1940 -1945) Public Housing as Veterans' Assistance (1946 -1954) The Authority Is Watching 4. Managing Poverty and Race, 1955-1980 The Geopolitics of Public Housing Urban Renewal Rewarding the Elderly The Mechanisms of Patronage Racial Discrimination and the BHA Battles within the Bureaucracy The Decline and Fall of the BHA 5. The Boston Housing Authority since 1980: The Puritans Return The Receivership Four Redevelopment Efforts in the 1980s The Politics of Public Housing Preferences Getting Beyond Receivership Boston Public Housing in the 1990s Ideological Retrenchment From the Puritans to the Projects Notes Credits Index
In tracing the story of public housing from Puritan times to the present, Professor Vale pays special attention to the spatial dimensions of poverty management. His is not a mechanical tale of segregation, but a careful presentation of the placement of the poor in response to the policies of aid and discipline. This book, at once both an excellent history and an unusually thorough Boston case study, illustrates the continuing cultural and political ambivalence that plays itself out in ever-changing environments for the poor. -- Sam Bass Warner, Jr., author of Streetcar Suburbs (Harvard) Lawrence Vale's major study throws new and important light on the contradictions and dilemmas of American public housing policy over the past half-century, as they worked themselves out in one of the nation's great cities. It has vital messages both for scholars of public policy, planning, and urban studies, and for urban policy-makers, both in the United States and the wider world. This is a major contribution to the urban literature. -- Sir Peter Hall, author of Cities in Civilization: Culture, Innovation, and Urban Order From the Puritans to the Projects explores the history of Boston's efforts to provide for its poor, focusing particularly on its experience with public housing and the story of how the housing project, which when it began was eagerly sought by politicians, communities, and tenants, became in time something to be just as passionately avoided. It provides a finely detailed social history of how public housing was overwhelmed by errors, contradictions, and problems, and is a worthy addition to the many distinguished studies of Boston, as well as to the history of public policy in America. -- Nathan Glazer, author of The Limits of Social Policy and We Are All Multiculturalists Now (Harvard)
Lawrence J. Vale is Professor of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In tracing the story of public housing from Puritan times to the
present, Professor Vale pays special attention to the spatial
dimensions of poverty management. His is not a mechanical tale of
segregation, but a careful presentation of the placement of the
poor in response to the policies of aid and discipline. This book,
at once both an excellent history and an unusually thorough Boston
case study, illustrates the continuing cultural and political
ambivalence that plays itself out in ever-changing environments for
the poor.
*Sam Bass Warner, Jr., author of Streetcar Suburbs
(Harvard)*
Lawrence Vale's major study throws new and important light on the
contradictions and dilemmas of American public housing policy over
the past half-century, as they worked themselves out in one of the
nation's great cities. It has vital messages both for scholars of
public policy, planning, and urban studies, and for urban
policy-makers, both in the United States and the wider world. This
is a major contribution to the urban literature.
*Sir Peter Hall, author of Cities in Civilization: Culture,
Innovation, and Urban Order*
From the Puritans to the Projects explores the history of Boston's
efforts to provide for its poor, focusing particularly on its
experience with public housing and the story of how the housing
project, which when it began was eagerly sought by politicians,
communities, and tenants, became in time something to be just as
passionately avoided. It provides a finely detailed social history
of how public housing was overwhelmed by errors, contradictions,
and problems, and is a worthy addition to the many distinguished
studies of Boston, as well as to the history of public policy in
America.
*Nathan Glazer, author of The Limits of Social Policy and
We Are All Multiculturalists Now (Harvard)*
Vale, an urban studies and planning professor, examines more than
three centuries of Boston's provision for "the public neighbor,"
exploring "shifting relationships among the state, the market, and
civil society," which reflect policy makers' profoundly mixed
motives. From indoor and outdoor relief to tenement reform and
settlement houses to urban renewal and massive housing projects,
genuine desire to help the poor has always been interwoven with a
demand for tighter social control. Increasingly the geographical
placement of public housing has sought to insulate the nonpoor from
social problems of the public neighbor. A fascinating analysis of
how one city has manifested "our collective ambivalence" about
citizens unable to provide adequate housing for themselves.
*Booklist*
From the Puritans to the Projects is a comprehensive history of
urban housing in Boston and, more broadly, of the urban poor's
attempts to find housing in America during the past 350 years.
Beginning with Puritan almshouses in the seventeenth century, Vale
traces the arguments and policies concerning housing for the
economically marginalized in America, and poses questions about the
practice of building high-rises to warehouse the poor.
*Doubletake*
In his history of housing and poverty in Boston, Vale shows that
the public housing program was intended to be something quite
different from what it became. More important, public housing
originally was not meant for the very poor...Economic conditions,
Vale points out, enabled public housing officials to cull the most
stable and best-paid low-income tenants...Not surprisingly, tenants
in these years were model citizens who organized themselves into a
wide array of volunteer organizations and took pride in maintaining
clean and attractive buildings and grounds in the projects. The
chief problem was that aspiring tenants tended to prosper, earning
more than the rules allowed and forcing reluctant officials to
evict them.
*American Prospect*
A book as good as this certainly reaffirms the merits of solid and
rigorous academic study...Vale details Boston's long public housing
trajectory starting off with institutions such as Almshouses and
the "Houses of Industry", before emerging in the 19th century with
new variants such as the "public lands" policy, the sanctification
of the single family home and various attempts at tenement
reform...This is academic insight at its best.
*Roof*
[From the Puritans to the Projects] is an impressive work, both in
terms of content and presentation...[It is] a major contribution to
recent scholarship on housing, urban history and public policy; its
shelf-life will be long.
*H-Net Reviews*
The strength of Vale's book is the depth of his research into the
actual operation of the Boston Housing Authority in implementing
these policies, particularly through tenant selection. No other
study offers such a revealing look inside the operation of the
public housing bureaucracy.
*Choice*
Vale is very insightful at decoding...half-conscious pop-culture
signs and symptoms...[The book is] very informative and worthwhile
for anyone interested in the tortuous history of land use policy
and urban politics.
*The Federal Lawyer*
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