Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Preface Chapter 2 The Founders' Views of Direct Democracy and Representation Chapter 3 James Madison and the Spirit of 1787 Chapter 4 Lincoln's View of Direct Democracy and Public Opinion Chapter 5 Beyond Referendum Democracy: Competing Concepts of Public Opinion Chapter 6 Polling and the Creation of a Virtual Public Chapter 7 Response: Refined and Enlarged Public Opinion Chapter 8 For the People: Direct Democracy in the State Constitutional Tradition Chapter 9 People Power: Initiative and Referendum in the United States Chapter 10 Why Initiatives Are Necessary: Some Tales from California

About the Author

Elliott Abrams, former president of the Ethics and Public Policy Center, is special assistant to the President and the National Security Council's senior director for democracy, human rights, and international operations.