Table of Contents

"Computers in Spaceflight: The NASA Experience, James E. Tomayko Part I: Manned Spacecraft Computers Introduction to Part One The Gemini Digital Computer: First Machine in Orbit Computers on Board The Apollo Spacecraft The Skylab Computer System Computers in the Space Shuttle Avionics System Part II: Computers on Board Unmanned Spacecraft Introduction to Part Two From Sequencers to Computers: Exploring the Moon and the Inner Planets Distributed Computing on Board Voyager and Galileo Part Three: Ground Based Computers for Spaceflight Operations Introduction to Part Three The Evolution of Automated Launch Processing Computers in Mission Control Making New Reality: Computers in Simulations and Image Processing Epilogue: Themes in NASA's Computing Experience Source Notes Bibliographic Note Appendix I: Glossary of Computer Terms Appendix II: HAL/S, A Real-Time Language for Spaceflight Appendix III: GOAL: A Language for Launch Processing Appendix IV: Mariners Mars 1969 Flight Program "