Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The Block Diagram of a Communication System 4 1.2 Channel Characteristics 5 1.3 Summary of Systems-Analysis Techniques 13 1.4 Probabilistic Approaches to System Optimization 14 1.5 Preview of This Book 16 Further Reading 16 CHAPTER 2 SIGNAL AND LINEAR SYSTEM ANALYSIS 17 2.1 Signal Models 17 2.2 Signal Classifications 24 2.3 Fourier Series 26 2.4 The Fourier Transform 34 2.5 Power Spectral Density and Correlation 50 2.6 Signals and Linear Systems 55 2.7 Sampling Theory 78 2.8 The Hilbert Transform 82 2.9 The Discrete Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier Transform 91 Further Reading 95 Summary 95 Drill Problems 98 Problems 100 Computer Exercises 111 CHAPTER 3 LINEAR MODULATION TECHNIQUES 112 3.1 Double-Sideband Modulation 113 3.2 Amplitude Modulation (AM) 116 3.3 Single-Sideband (SSB) Modulation 124 3.4 Vestigial-Sideband (VSB) Modulation 133 3.5 Frequency Translation and Mixing 136 3.6 Interference in Linear Modulation 139 3.7 Pulse Amplitude Modulation---PAM 142 3.8 Digital Pulse Modulation 144 Further Reading 150 Summary 150 Drill Problems 151 Problems 152 Computer Exercises 155 CHAPTER 4 ANGLE MODULATION AND MULTIPLEXING 156 4.1 Phase and Frequency Modulation Defined 156 4.2 Demodulation of Angle-Modulated Signals 175 4.3 Feedback Demodulators: The Phase-Locked Loop 181 4.4 Interference in Angle Modulation 196 4.5 Analog Pulse Modulation 201 4.6 Multiplexing 204 Further Reading 208 Summary 208 Drill Problems 209 Problems 210 Computer Exercises 213 CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF BASEBAND DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION 215 5.1 Baseband Digital Data Transmission Systems 215 5.2 Line Codes and Their Power Spectra 216 5.3 Effects of Filtering of Digital Data---ISI 225 5.4 Pulse Shaping: Nyquist s Criterion for Zero ISI 227 5.5 Zero-Forcing Equalization 233 5.6 Eye Diagrams 237 5.7 Synchronization 239 5.8 Carrier Modulation of Baseband Digital Signals 243 Further Reading 244 Summary 244 Drill Problems 245 Problems 246 Computer Exercises 249 CHAPTER 6 OVERVIEW OF PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES 250 6.1 What is Probability? 250 6.2 Random Variables and Related Functions 260 6.3 Statistical Averages 274 6.4 Some Useful pdfs 286 Further Reading 298 Summary 298 Drill Problems 300 Problems 301 Computer Exercises 307 CHAPTER 7 RANDOM SIGNALS AND NOISE 308 7.1 A Relative-Frequency Description of Random Processes 308 7.2 Some Terminology of Random Processes 310 7.3 Correlation and Power Spectral Density 316 7.4 Linear Systems and Random Processes 325 7.5.1 Quadrature-Component and Envelope-Phase Representation 333 Further Reading 340 Summary 340 Drill Problems 341 Problems 342 Computer Exercises 348 CHAPTER 8 NOISE IN MODULATION SYSTEMS 349 8.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratios 350 8.2 Noise and Phase Errors in Coherent Systems 366 8.3 Noise in Angle Modulation 370 8.4 Threshold Effect in FM Demodulation 376 8.5 Noise in Pulse-Code Modulation 384 Further Reading 389 Summary 389 Drill Problems 391 Problems 391 Computer Exercises 394 CHAPTER 9 PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION IN NOISE 396 9.1 Baseband Data Transmission in White Gaussian Noise 398 9.2 Binary Synchronous Data Transmission with Arbitrary Signal Shapes 404 9.3 Modulation Schemes not Requiring Coherent References 421 9.4 M-ary Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) 431 9.5 Comparison of Digital Modulation Systems 435 9.6 Noise Performance of Zero-ISI Digital Data Transmission Systems 438 9.7 Multipath Interference 443 9.8 Fading Channels 449 9.9 Equalization 455 Further Reading 466 Summary 466 Drill Problems 468 Problems 469 Computer Exercises 476 CHAPTER 10 ADVANCED DATA COMMUNICATIONS TOPICS 477 10.1 M-ary Data Communications Systems 477 10.2 Power Spectra for Digital Modulation 510 10.3 Synchronization 516 10.4 Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems 528 10.5 Multicarrier Modulation and Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 540 10.6 Cellular Radio Communication Systems 545 Further Reading 556 Summary 556 Drill Problems 557 Problems 558 Computer Exercises 563 CHAPTER 11 OPTIMUM RECEIVERS AND SIGNAL-SPACE CONCEPTS 564 11.1 Bayes Optimization 564 11.2 Vector Space Representation of Signals 574 11.3 Map Receiver for Digital Data Transmission 583 11.4 Estimation Theory 596 11.5 Applications of Estimation Theory to Communications 602 Further Reading 606 Summary 607 Drill Problems 607 Problems 608 Computer Exercises 614 CHAPTER 12 INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING 615 12.1 Basic Concepts 616 12.2 Source Coding 626 12.3 Communication in Noisy Environments: Basic Ideas 634 12.4 Communication in Noisy Channels: Block Codes 636 12.5 Communication in Noisy Channels: Convolutional Codes 657 12.6 Bandwidth and Power Efficient Modulation (TCM) 668 12.7 Feedback Channels 672 12.8 Modulation and Bandwidth Efficiency 676 12.9 Quick Overviews 679 Further Reading 686 Summary 686 Drill Problems 688 Problems 688 Computer Exercises 692 APPENDIX A PHYSICAL NOISE SOURCES 693 A.1 Physical Noise Sources 693 A.2 Characterization of Noise in Systems 698 A.3 Free-Space Propagation Example 705 Further Reading 708 Problems 708 APPENDIX B JOINTLY GAUSSIAN RANDOM VARIABLES 710 B.1 The pdf 710 B.2 The Characteristic Function 711 B.3 Linear Transformations 711 APPENDIX C PROOF OF THE NARROWBAND NOISE MODEL 712 APPENDIX D ZERO-CROSSING AND ORIGIN ENCIRCLEMENT STATISTICS 714 D.1 The Zero-Crossing Problem 714 D.2 Average Rate of Zero Crossings 716 Problems 719 APPENDIX E CHI-SQUARE STATISTICS 720 APPENDIX F MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL TABLES 722 F.1 The Gaussian Q-Function 722 F.2 Trigonometric Identities 724 F.3 Series Expansions 724 F.4 Integrals 725 F.5 Fourier-Transform Pairs 727 F.6 Fourier-Transform Theorems 727 APPENDIX G ANSWERS TO DRILL PROBLEMS www.wiley.com/college/ziemer BIBLIOGRAPHY www.wiley.com/college/ziemer INDEX 728

About the Author

Dr. Rodger E. Ziemer recieved his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Minnesota from 1960 to 1965. He joined the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs in 1984 as Chairman and Professor in the ECE Department. In conjunction, Dr. Ziemer worked as the Program director for Communications Research for the National Science Foundation from 1998 to 2001. In May of 2008 he was appointed Professor Emeritus.

William H. Tranter is the author of Principles of Communications, 7th Edition, published by Wiley.