Table of Contents

Executive Summary vii Foreword xi

Acknowledgments xv

Nudging Minds to Life: Self-Authorship as a Foundation for Learning 1

Meaning Making and Collegiate Learning Outcomes 4

The Nature of Meaning Making: Constructivist-Developmental Assumptions 5

Self-Evolution and the Journey Toward Self-Authorship 11

Conclusion 17

Assessing Self-Authorship and Its Evolution 21

Assessment Challenges 21

Assessment Formats 25

Four Interviews to Assess Self-Authorship 28

Conclusion 34

Development of the Ten Positions in the Journey Toward Self-Authorship 37

Baxter Magolda?s Study 37

Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education 40

Nuances of Self-Authorship 51

Trusting External Authority: External Positions 53

Trusting External Authority 54

Tensions with Trusting External Authority 59

Assessing Meaning Making and Self-Authorship v Recognizing Shortcomings of Trusting External Authority 62

Developmental Progression in External Meaning Making 65

Entering the Crossroads: Predominantly External Positions 67

Questioning External Authority 67

Constructing the Internal Voice 73

Developmental Progression in Entering the Crossroads 76

Leaving the Crossroads: Predominantly Internal Positions 77

Listening to the Internal Voice 77

Cultivating the Internal Voice 78

Developmental Progression in Leaving the Crossroads 86

Self-Authorship: Internal Positions 87

Trusting the Internal Voice 88

Building an Internal Foundation 90

Securing Internal Commitments 93

Developmental Progression in Internal Meaning Making 98

Using the Self-Authorship Assessment Guide 101

Assessing Student Characteristics and Experience 102

Example of a Phase 1 Summary (Excerpts) 104

Assessing Developmental Meaning Making 107

Example of a Phase 2 Summary (Excerpts) 107

Links Between Development and Experiences 116

Working Through Difficult Summaries 117

The Value of Listening to Students 119

Appendix: Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education: Qualitative Research Team 121

References 123

Name Index 131

Subject Index 133

About the Authors 137

About the Author

MARCIA B. BAXTER MAGOLDA is associate professor of educational leadership at Miami University. She received the American College Personnel Association Theory and Research Board Award in 1986 and 1989. The author of many articles on intellectual development and gAnder issues, Baxter Magolda also serves on the editorial board of the Journal of College Student Development.