Table of Contents

Introduction
Sara J. Brenneis and Gina Herrmann

Prologue: Jews and Spaniards at Meeting Points of their Histories during the Nazi Era
Haim Avni

I. Legacies of Antisemitism in Spain

1. Hero and Monster: The Place of Jews in Spain’s National Identity
Raanan Rein and Martina L. Weisz

2. Antisemitism and Philosephardism in Spain, 1880–1945
Gonzalo Álvarez Chillida

II. Spain and the Fates of Jewish Communities

3. Spain and the Jews during the Holocaust
Jacobo Israel Garzón

4. The Franco Regime and the Jews of North Africa during World War II
Isabelle Rohr

5. Spain: Refuge of Jews fleeing Nazism during World War II
Josep Calvet

6. Routes of the Renowned and the Nameless: Clandestine Border-Crossing at the Pyrenees, 1939–1945
Tabea Alexa Linhard

7. Spanish Jews in Bergen-Belsen Camp, 1943–1944
Maria Fragkou

8. Beyond Duty: The Spanish Foreign Service’s Humanitarian Response to the Holocaust
José Antonio Lisbona

III. Spanish Exiles in France

9. Spanish Republicans Exiled in France during the Second World War: War and Resistance
Geneviève Dreyfus-Armand

10. From Internees to Liberators: Spanish Republican Exiles in France, 1939–1945
Robert Coale

11. The Stateless Monument: Memory of the Spanish Republicans Murdered in Mauthausen
Juan M. Calvo Gascón

IV. Spanish Republicans in Nazi Camps

12. Spanish and Catalan Women in Ravensbrück
Gina Herrmann

13. Between Compiègne and Neuengamme: Testimony and Trauma of Spanish Prisoners in German Concentration Camps
Andrea Hepworth

14. Spain’s Mauthausen: Narratives of the Nazi Deportation of Spanish Republicans, 1946–2015
Sara J. Brenneis

15. Joaquim Amat-Piniella’s Novel K.L. Reich: The Deported Gaze
Marta Marín-Dòmine

16. Jorge Semprún and the Holocaust
Soledad Fox Maura

17. Montserrat Roig and her Contribution to the Memory of the Republican Deportation
Rosa Toran

V. Propaganda

18. Francoist Antisemitic Propaganda, 1939–1945
Javier Domínguez Arribas

19. The Catholic Church and the Jews in Franco’s Spain during the Holocaust, 1939–1945
Graciela Ben-Dror

20. The Politics of Survival: Madrid’s Pro-Jewish Propaganda and the Canonization of Francisco Franco as Benefactor of Jews
Pedro Correa Martín-Arroyo

21. Tainted Visions of War: Antisemitic German Propaganda in Spain
Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío

22. A Touch of Nazi Sophistication: The Promotion of Spanish Culture in Wartime Germany
Marició Janué i Miret

VI. The Blue Division

23. The Blue Division and the National Question in the Occupied Territory of Russia, 1941–1943
Boris Kovalev

24. Representations of the Blue Division in Memoir and Fiction
Macarena Tejada López

VII. Nazis in Spain

25. Spain’s Neutral Holocaust: Memories of the Axis Alliance in Francoist and Post-Franco Spain, or “The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Otto Skorzeny”
Joshua Goode

26. Nazis, Real and Imagined, in Post-World War II Spain
David Messenger

VIII. The Holocaust in Contemporary Spanish and Ladino Culture

27. Memory and the Ethical Imagination: The Holocaust and Deportation to Mauthausen in Twenty-first Century Spanish Theater
Marilén Loyola

28. Audiovisual Production on the Republican Deportation and Spain as Haven of the Nazis
Isabel Estrada

29. With Sepharad as a Void: Recent Reckoning with the Holocaust in Spanish Fiction
Stacy N. Beckwith

30. “Only Writing Matters”: Anne Frank in/and Spanish Holocaust Poetry, 1966–2004
Paul Cahill

31. The Words that Replace the Elusive Past: Some Recent Ladino Poetic Responses to the Holocaust
Shmuel Refael

32. Teaching and Learning about the Holocaust in Spain
Marta Simó

IX. Afterlives: Holocaust Appropriations in Spain

33. Between “No Pasarán” and “Nunca Más”: The Holocaust and the Revisiting of Spain’s Legacy of Mass Violence
Alejandro Baer and Natan Sznaider

Contributor Biographies

Bibliography

List of Archives

Index

About the Author

Sara J. Brenneis is a professor of Spanish at Amherst College in Massachusetts.
Gina Herrmann is the Norman H. Brown associate professor of Spanish at the University of Oregon.

Reviews

"The breadth and variety of this collection is as impressive as the authors’ respect for the complexity of the stories they tell."
*The Volunteer*

"This collection of essays constitutes the interdisciplinary nature of what is an essential reference book for Spain’s different roles during the war."
*The Prisma*

“This comprehensive work provides much needed insights into Spain’s policies during World War II and the plight of Jews and refugees in wartime Spain.”
*The NYMAS Review*