Promotional Information

This is an open access book, the electronic versions are freely accessible online.

Table of Contents

Long-term Climate Change: Climatic Change during the Holocene (Past 12,000 Years).- The Historical Timeframe (Past 1000 Years).- Recent Climate Change (Past 200 years): Recent Change – Atmosphere.- Recent Change – River Runoff.- Recent Change – Terrestrial Cryosphere.- Recent Change – Marine Circulation and Stratification.- Recent Change – Sea Ice.- Recent Change – Sea Level and Wind Waves.- Future Climate Change: Projected Change – Models and Methodology.- Projected Change – Atmosphere.- Projected Change – Hydrology.- Projected Change – Marine Physics.- Projected Change – Sea Level.- Environmental Impacts of Climate Change: Environmental Impacts – Atmospheric Chemistry.- Environmental Impacts – Coastal Ecosystems, Birds and Forests.- Environmental Impacts – Freshwater Biogeochemistry.- Environmental Impacts – Marine Biogeochemistry.- Environmental Impacts – Marine Ecosystems.- Environmental Impacts – Coastal Erosion and Changing Coastlines.- Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change: Socio-Economic Impacts – Forestry and Agriculture.- Socio-Economic Impacts – Urban Settlements.- Drivers of Regional Climate Change: Evidence of Warming.- Regional Change Drivers – Aerosols.- Regional Change Drivers – Land Cover.