Table of Contents

A History of Proceedings and Points at Issue.- I — History of Proceedings.- 1. Admissibility Stage.- 2. Proceedings before the Sub-Commission.- 3. Further Proceedings before the Commission.- 4. Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- II — Points at Issue.- 1. First Decision on Admissibility.- 2. Second Decision on Admissibility.- 3. Points at Issue under the Two Decisions.- 4. Submissions before the Sub-Commission.- 5. Order of Presentation.- ? Establishment of the Facts and Opinion of the Commission.- I — Article 15 of the Convention.- A. Issues Arising under Article 15.- B. Whether a Revolutionary Government Can Derogate from Provisions of the Convention under Article 15.- I. Submissions of the parties.- 1. Respondent Government.- 2. Applicant Governments.- II. Opinion of the Commission.- C. Whether the Requirements of Article 15, Paragraph (3), Have Been Fully Met by the Respondent Government.- I. Requirements of Article 15 (3).- II. Communications made by the Government of Greece to the Secretary-General under Article 15.- III. Submissions of the parties.- IV. Opinion of the Commission.- V. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- VI. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Fawcett.- VII. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Eustathiades.- D. Whether There Was, on 21st April, 1967 a Public Emergency in Greece Threatening the Life of the Nation.- I. Introduction.- II. The Communist danger.- 1. General Statements of the Parties.- 2. Evidence before the Commission.- 3. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- III. The Crisis of Constitutional Government.- 1. General Statements of the Parties.- 2. Evidence before the Commission.- 3. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- IV. The Crisis of Public Order.- 1. General Statements of the Parties.- 2. Evidence before the Commission.- 3. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- V. Opinion of the Commission.- 1. The Meaning of the Term “Public Emergency Threatening the Life of the Nation“.- 2. The Criteria Governing the Control of a Declaration of Public Emergency.- 3. As to the Situation on 21st April, 1967.- VI. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Busuttil.- VII. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- VIII. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Triantafyllides.- IX. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Eustathiades.- X. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Süsterhenn.- E. The Evolution of the Situation from 21st April 1967, to the Present Time.- I. General Statements of the Parties.- II. Evidence before the Commission.- III. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- IV. Opinion of the Commission.- V. Concurring Opinion of Mr. Busuttil.- VI. Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- VII. Opinion of Mr. Eustathiades.- VIII. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Ermacora.- IX. Dissenting Opinion of Mr. Süsterhenn.- F. Whether the Measures Taken by the Respondent Government Were Strictly Required by the Exigencies of the Situation.- I. Opinion of the Commission.- II. Opinion of Mr. Busuttil.- III. Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- IV. Opinion of Mr. Eustathiades.- V. Opinion of Mr. Süsterhenn.- G. Whether Articles 17 and 18 of the Convention Exclude the Present Derogations under Article 15 of the Convention.- I. Submissions of the Parties.- II. Opinion of the Commission.- H. Whether the Measures Taken by the Respondent Government Are Consistent with Other Obligations of Greece under International Law.- I. Introduction.- II. Opinion of the Commission.- I. Opinion of Mr. Busuttil.- II — Articles 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 of the Convention and Article 3 of the First Protocol.- A. Introduction.- B. Deprivation of Liberty in Relation to Article 5 of the Convention.- I. Submissions of the Parties.- II. Evidence before the Commission.- III. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- 1. Suspension of Constitutional Provisions.- (a) Constitution of 1952.- (b) Constitution of 1968.- 2. Legislation Concerning Deprivation of Liberty.- (a) Law on the State of Siege.- (b) Detention under Administrative Order.- 3. Practice Concerning Deprivation of Liberty.- (a) Arrest.- (b) Detention under Administrative Order.- (c) Transfer and Confinement to Certain Localities.- (d) House Arrest.- IV. Opinion of the Commission.- V. Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- C. Article 6 of the Convention.- I. Submission of the Parties.- II. Evidence before the Commission.- III. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- 1. Suspension of Constitutional Provisions.- (a) Constitution of 1952.- (b) Constitution of 1968.- 2. Courts Martial.- 3. Action by the Government with Regard to the Judiciary.- (a) Dismissal of 30 Judicial Officers.- (b) Council of State.- 4. Evidence Concerning Particular Trials.- IV. Opinion of the Commission.- D. Article 8 of the Convention.- I. Submissions of the Parties.- II. Evidence before the Commission.- III. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- 1. Suspension of Constitutional Provisions.- (a) Constitution of 1952.- (b) Constitution of 1968.- 2. Further Legislation and Administrative Practice.- (a) Right to Respect for One’s Home.- (b) Family Life.- IV. Opinion of the Commission.- V. Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- E. Articles 9, and 10 in Conjunction with Article 14 of the Convention.- I. Submission of the Parties.- II. Evidence before the Commission.- III. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- 1. Suspension of Constitutional Provisions.- (a) Constitution of 1952.- (b) Constitution of 1968.- 2. Press Censorship.- 3. Other Aspects of Articles 9 and 10.- IV. Opinion of the Commission.- 1. Press Censorship.- 2. Other Aspects of Articles 9 and 10.- V. Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- F. Article 11 of the Convention.- I. Submissions of the Parties.- II. Evidence before the Commission.- III. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- 1. The Suspension of Constitutional Provisions Protecting the Freedoms of Assembly and Association.- (a) Constitution of 1952.- (b) Constitution of 1968.- 2. Further Measures Affecting the Freedom of Assembly.- IV. Opinion of the Commission.- V. Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- G. Article 13 of the Convention.- I. Submissions of the Parties.- II. Evidence before the Commission.- III. Opinion of the Commission.- H. Article 3 of the First Protocol.- I. Submissions of the Parties.- II. Evidence before the Commission.- III. Examination of the Evidence by the Commission.- 1. Provisions of the Constitution of 1968.- 2. The Present Situation.- IV. Opinion of the Commission.- V. Opinion of Mr. Delahaye.- III — Article 7 of the Convention and Article 1 of the First Protocol.- A. Submissions of the Parties.- I. Applicant Governments.- 1. As to Article 7 of the Convention.- 2. As to Article 1 of the First Protocol.- II. Respondent Government.- 1. As to Article 7 of the Convention.- 2. As to Article 1 of the First Protocol.- B. Opinion of the Commission.- IV — Article 3 Of The Convention.- A. Introduction.- I. Character and Scope of Allegations under Article 3.- II. Sub-Commission’s Investigation.- III. Parties’ Final Submissions.- IV. Preliminary Issues.- A. The Notion of an Administrative Practice of Torture or Ill-treatment.- B. Standard and Means of Proof.- V. Order of Presentation.- B. Establishment of the Facts by the Sub-Commission.- I. Cases of Physical Torture or Ill-treatment Where the Alleged Victims were Heard by the Sub-Commission.- A. Cases Relating to the Athens Asphalia.- Introduction: Athens Asphalia Headquarters.- 1. N. Vardikos.- 2. P. Vlassis.- 3. Y. Leloudas.- 4. Miss ? Arseni.- 5. Mrs. A. Tsirka.- 6. A. Lendakis.- 7. P. Korovessis.- B. Cases Concerning Military Authorities in and near Athens.- Introduction: Dionysos Camp.- 1. E. Veryvakis.- 2. D. Livanos.- C. Cases Relating to the Piraeus Asphalia.- Introduction: Piraeus Asphalia Headquarters.- C. Papagiannakis, G. Yotopoulos and N. Ambatielos.- D. Cases Relating to the Salonica Security Forces.- 1. ? Meletis.- 2. Miss G. Pangopoulou.- E. Cases Relating to Other Localities.- 1. P. Marhetakis.- 2. B. Karaosman.- II. Evidence on Cases of Alleged Physical Torture or Ill-treatment of Persons Prevented from Appearing Before the Sub-Commission.- A. Cases Relating to the Athens Asphalia.- 1. G. Notaras.- 2. Miss M. Kallerghi.- 3. Y. Petfopoulos.- 4. N. Kiaos.- 5. E. Tsiloglou.- B. Cases Relating to Military Authorities in or near Athens.- A. Panagoulis.- C. Cases relating to the Salonica Security Forces.- S. Nestor, G. Sipitanos and C. Pyrzas.- D. Cases relating to other localities.- P. Gavalas.- III. Evidence on Certain Other Cases of Alleged Physical Torture or Ill-treatment.- 1. Xintavelonis.- 2. Mrs. A. Papanicola.- 3. A. Dakos.- IV. Further allegations of physical torture or Ill-treatment.- A. Allegations Concerning Other Victims Called as Witnesses but Whom the Respondent Government Refused to Make Available.- B. Allegations Contained in Written Statements.- V. Allegations of Non-physical Torture or Ill-treatment.- A. Attacks on prisoner’s own feelings.- B. Attacks on feelings for others.- VI. Detention conditions.- A. The detention conditions in Bouboulinas Street.- B. The detention conditions in the Piraeus Asphalia.- C. The detention conditions in Averoff Prison.- D. The detention conditions in the camps on the Island of Leros.- C. Opinion Of The Commission.- A. General.- B. Evidence of a practice of torture and Ill-treatment.- ? Summary.- Individual Opinions of Members.- Resolution DH (70) 1 of the Committee of Ministers.- Appendix to the Resolution Containing the Proposlas of the European Commission of Human rights.- Annexes to Chapter.- Complete List of Titles to the Annexes to Chapter IV. for Reasons of Space, Only Annex V and in Part Annex VI are Preproduced in This Publication..- Annex.- List of Submissions and Documents Not Reproduced.- Annex.- Torture allegations said to have been raised before the Extraordinary Courts Martial and enquiries conducted Not Reproduced.- Annex.- List of Witnesses Heard by the Sub-Commission with Regard to Article 3 of the Convention Not Reproduced.- Annex.- A. List of Witnesses Summoned by the Sub-Commission but not Heard for Various Reasons.- B. Witnesses Proposed by the Parties but not Summoned by the Sub-Commission Not Reproduced.- Annex.- Alleged Cases of Torture and/or Other Treatment Contrary to Article 3 of the Convention.- I. Athens and Suburban Police Localities.- 1. Bouboulinas Street.- 2. Gendarmerie Stations in the Suburbs and Near Athens.- 3. Other Localities under the Control of Athens Asphalia.- II. Piraeus Asphalia.- III. Localities under Control of Military Authorities in and near Athens.- IV. Salonica Gendarmerie.- V. Localities under Military Control, in and near Salonica.- VI. Crete.- VII. Police Stations in other Parts of Greece.- VIII. Assembly Places for Arrested Persons in April 1967.- IX. Various Localities.- X. Unidentified Places.- Annex.- Plans and Photographs of the Athens and Piraeus Security Police Buildings.- (extracts).- Photographs of the Athens Security Police Buildings.- Photographs of the Piraeus Security Police Buildings.- Annex.- History of Facts Relating to the Respondent Government’s Obligation under Article 28 (a) of the Convention Not Reproduced.- Appendices to the Report.- Complete List of Titles to the Appendices for Reasons of Space Only Appendices IV, VIII and XVIII are Reproduced in this Publication.- Appendix I Decision of the Commission as to the Admissibility of the Applications (24th January, 1968) (cf. Yearbook, XI, pp. 690 ff.).- Appendix II Decision of the Commission as to the Admissibility of the New Allegations Made by the First Three Applicant Governments (31st May, 1968) (cf. Yearbook, XI, pp. 730 ff.).- Appendix III Schedule of Proceedings Not Reproduced.- Appendix IV Communications Addressed by the Government of Greece to the Secretary General under Article 15.- Appendix V Witnesses Summoned in Connection with Article 15 of the Convention Who Failed to Appear before the Sub-Commission Not Reproduced.- Appendix VI Witnesses Proposed by the Parties but not Summoned by the Sub-Commission.- in Connection with Article 15 of the Convention Not Reproduced.- Appendix VII Documents Considered by the Commission in Connection with the Respondent Government’s Assertion about Communist Activities on and before 21st April, 1967 Not Reproduced.- Appendix VIII General Plan of Action.- Appendix IX Documents Considered by the Commission in Connection with the Respondent Government’s Assertion about the Crisis of Constitutional Government on and before 21st April, 1967 Not Reproduced.- Appendix X Documents Considered by the Commission in Connection with the Respondent Government’s Assertion about the Crisis of Public Order on and before 21st April, 1967 Not Reproduced.- Appendix XI Documents Submitted on the Period after 21st April, 1967 Not Reproduced.- Appendix XII Documents Considered by the Commission in Relation to Article 5 of the Convention Not Reproduced.- Appendix XIII Documents Considered by the Commission in Relation to Articles 6 and 13 of the Convention Not Reproduced.- Appendix XIV Documents considered by the Commission in relation to Article 8 of the Convention Not Reproduced.- Appendix XV Documents Considered by the Commission in Relation to Articles 9, 10 and 14 of the Convention Not Reproduced.- Appendix XVI Documents Considered by the Commission in Relation to Article 11 of the Convention Not Reproduced.- Appendix XVII Documents Considered by the Commission in Relation to Article 3 of the First Protocol Not Reproduced.- Appendix XVIII Constitutional Acts Enacted since 21st April, 1967.